Pericyte-derived fibrotic scarring is conserved across diverse central nervous system lesions.
Abstract
Abstract Fibrotic scar tissue limits central nervous system regeneration in adult mammals. The extent of fibrotic tissue generation and distribution of stromal cells across different lesions in the brain and spinal cord has not been systematically investigated in mice and humans. Furthermore, it is unknown whether scar-forming stromal cells have the same origin throughout the central nervous system and in different types of lesions. In the current study, we compared fibrotic scarring in human pathological tissue and corresponding mouse models of penetrating and non-penetrating spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis and glioblastoma. We show that the extent and distribution of stromal cells are specific to the type of lesion and, in most cases, similar between mice and humans. Employing in vivo lineage tracing, we report that in all mouse models developing fibrotic tissue, the primary source of scar-forming fibroblasts is a discrete subset of perivascular cells, termed type A pericytes. We uncover pericyte-derived fibrosis as a conserved mechanism that may be explored as a therapeutic target to improve recovery after central nervous system lesions.
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From Living on the Edge of the CNS: Meninges Cell Diversity in Health and Disease (2021) · cites this paper as Dias et al., 2020
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“In the injured spinal cord, PDGFRβ is expressed on all fibrotic scar-forming fibroblasts, and fibroblasts account for up to 95% of PDGFRβ+ cells, indicating that PDGFRβ is specifically expressed in fibroblasts after SCI [7, 8, 13].”
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“Similarly, a subset of perivascular cells expressing GLAST and PDGFRβ can be found in the healthy human brain and spinal cord 10 .”
InfluentialSelf-citationZhao, X. G., Ni, S., Song, Y., & Hu, K. (2023) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.048 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Biology and function of pericytes in the vascular microcirculation
Wu, Y., Fu, J., Huang, Y., Duan, R., Zhang, W., Wang, C., Wang, S., Hu, X., Zhao, H. Y., Wang, L., et al. (2023) · Animal Models and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1002/ame2.12334 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Yu, Y., Leng, Y., Song, X., Mu, J., Ma, L., Yin, L., Zheng, Y., Lü, Y., Li, Y.-N., Qiu, X., et al. (2023) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.123.319119 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Transient astrocyte‐like NG2 glia subpopulation emerges solely following permanent brain ischemia
Kirdajová, D., Valihrach, L., Valný, M., Kriška, J., Kročianová, D., Benesova, S., Abaffy, P., Žucha, D., Klassen, R., Koleničová, D., et al. (2021) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.24064 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Interestingly, a recent report studying the role of pericytes in fibrotic scarring, identified a population of pericytes displaying a distinctive morphology that was located close to the glial-fibrotic lesion (Dias et al., 2020).”
BackgroundCorpora cavernosa fibroblasts mediate penile erection
Guimarães, E. L. M., Dias, D. O., Hau, W. F., Julien, A., Holl, D., Garcia-Collado, M., Savant, S., Vågesjö, E., Phillipson, M., Jakobsson, L., et al. (2024) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.ade8064 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“S1, A to C), a marker that has been previously used to label perivascular cells in the central nervous system ( 7 – 9 ).”
MethodSelf-citationBernier, L., Hefendehl, J. K., Scott, R. W., Tung, L. W., Lewis, C. B., Soliman, H., Simm, S., Dissing‐Olesen, L., Hofmann, J. C., Guo, D., et al. (2025) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-025-01872-y · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“…pericytes appears common to multiple CNS injuries, as qualitatively similar results were obtained in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis 93 , spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, middle cerebral artery occlusion and glioblastoma 13,44,46 , albeit with different cell-type nomenclature.”
InfluentialBernard, M., Menet, R., Lecordier, S., & ElAli, A. (2024) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-024-05244-w · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“PDGFRβ + perivascular cells contribute to fibrotic scar formation by secreting fibrotic proteins at the lesion site [15, 21, 91 ].”
BackgroundZhang, H., Wang, J., Zhang, S., Yan, D., Dong, Y., Zhang, P., Sun, W., & Liu, X. (2025) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2025.05.022 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Potential Therapeutic Applications of N-Cadherin Antagonists and Agonists
Blaschuk, O. W. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.866200 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Proteins in Fibrosis: Complex Roles Beyond Conventional Understanding
Wang, L., Feng, J., Deng, Y., Yang, Q., Wei, Q., Ye, D., Rong, X., & Guo, J. (2022) · Research · doi:10.34133/2022/9891689 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Endoscopic Coregistered Ultrasound Imaging and Precision Histotripsy: Initial In Vivo Evaluation
Landry, T. G., Gannon, J., Vlaisavljevich, E., et al. (2022) · BME Frontiers · doi:10.34133/2022/9794321 · Cited by 26
“434 Timepoints even longer than these would be ideal to allow ample time for the stabilization 435 of responses, such as scar formation [39].”
BackgroundOligodendrocyte Progenitors in Glial Scar: A Bet on Remyelination
Marangon, D., Silva, J. H. C. E., Cerrato, V., Boda, E., & Lecca, D. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13121024 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Fu, J., Liang, H., Yuan, P., Wei, Z., & Zhong, P. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2023.1267785 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Therefore, treatment targeted on type a pericytes can be used as a therapeutic strategy to improve recovery after injury to the central nervous system (Dias et al., 2021).”
Robac, A., Neveu, P., Hugede, A., Garrido, E., Nicol, L., Delarue, Q., & Guérout, N. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9121827 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“In a broader perspective, it was recently shown that this fibrotic scar is present in different central-nervous-system lesions in mice, such as traumatic brain or spinal cord injuries, as well as after demyelinating or ischemic lesion models [24].”
BackgroundMicroglia-astrocyte crosstalk following ischemic stroke
Yang, S., Chen, Y., Tang, J., Cui, Y., Wei, W., Hao, Z., Xiao, Z., Pan, Y., Tian, Q., Xin, W., et al. (2025) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-025-01244-4 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“They secrete extracellular matrix proteins, such as laminin, fibronectin, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, to form the scar-border [52, 53].”
Central Nervous System Pericytes Contribute to Health and Disease
Girolamo, F., Errede, M., Bizzoca, A., Virgintino, D., & Ribatti, D. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11101707 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Astrocytes in stroke-induced neurodegeneration: a timeline
Collyer, E., & Blanco‐Suárez, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmmed.2023.1240862 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The age-dependent immune response to ischemic stroke
Tuohy, M. C., Hillman, E. M. C., Marshall, R. S., & Agalliu, D. (2022) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2022.102670 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Platelet-derived growth factor signalling in neurovascular function and disease
Li, S. Y., Johnson, R. H., Smyth, L. C. D., & Dragunow, M. (2022) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106187 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Disassembly and Mislocalization of AQP4 in Incipient Scar Formation after Experimental Stroke
Banitalebi, S., Skauli, N., Geiseler, S. J., Ottersen, O. P., & Amiry-Moghaddam, M. R. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23031117 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“A mature scar is composed of a central fibrotic component, surrounded by a glial component mainly composed of reactive astrocytes [1,3].”
BackgroundLoan, A., Awaja, N., Lui, M., Syal, C., Sun, Y., Sarma, S. N., Chona, R., Johnston, W. B., Córdova, A., Saraf, D., et al. (2024) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.97165 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Brain pericyte-derived endothelial cells, fibroblasts and microglia following ischemic stroke have all been confirmed with genetic fate mapping using either Tbx18-CreER T2 /Rosa26-tdTomato , Glast-CreER T2 /Rosa26-tdTomato , or Rgs5-YFP mouse lines [11,14,15].”
BackgroundInfluentialRestoration of spinal cord injury: From endogenous repairing process to cellular therapy
Wu, Y., Tang, Z., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., & Liu, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.1077441 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“, 2018); PDGFR-β pericytes are the source of scar formation after SCI and have the potential to block lesions (Dias et al., 2021).”
BackgroundA molecular brain atlas reveals cellular shifts during the repair phase of strokePreprint
Weber, R. Z., Buil, B. A., Rentsch, N. H., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.08.21.608971 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Some cellular responses were associated with enhances recovery, while others may be detrimental 4–7 .”
Co-culture models for investigating cellular crosstalk in the glioma microenvironment
Niu, X., Zhang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.cpt.2023.11.002 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Huang, Y., Gao, P., Qin, T., Chu, B., Xu, T., Jiang, Y., Wang, Q., Yang, Z., Jiang, T., Fan, J., et al. (2023) · Matrix Biology · doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2023.03.006 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Lu, Y., Chen, C., Wang, H., Du, R., Ji, J., Xu, T., Yang, C., & Chen, X. (2022) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109322 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Phillips, B., Clark, J., Martineau, É., & Rungta, R. L. (2023) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-023-04858-3 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Rehabilitation enhances epothilone-induced locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury
Griffin, J. M., Hingorani Jai Prakash, S., Bockemühl, T., Benner, J. M., Schaffran, B., Moreno-Manzano, V., Büschges, A., & Bradke, F. (2022) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcad005 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Three days post-injury, perivascular cells proliferate, migrate and aggregate in the injured area where fibronectin and laminin are assembled at the lesion centre,(40) a response attributed to perivascular type A pericytes.(42) Previous work showed that the effect of epoB at reducing laminin is stronger 4 days post-in…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPerivascular Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells, an Immune Privileged Niche for Viruses?
Lebeau, G., Ah-Pine, F., Daniel, M., Bedoui, Y., Vagner, D., Frumence, É., & Gasque, P. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23148038 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“occlusion (MCAO) Myofib Scar tissue [172,173]”
Rajan, A. M., Rosin, N. L., Labit, E., Biernaskie, J. A., Liao, S., & Huang, P. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi5771 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Owing to their location along minor blood vessels and expression of pericyte marker pdgfrb , a few studies have identified these injury-responsive cells in the mouse central nervous system (CNS) as “ type A ” pericytes ( 58 , 61 , 62 ).”
BackgroundChen, S.-Y., Yang, R., Wu, X.-C., Zhao, D., Fu, S.-P., Lin, F.-Q., Li, L., Yu, L., Zhang, Q., & Zhang, T. (2023) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s428425 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“5,6 Patients with SCI experience sensory loss and functional defects below the injured spinal cord level as a result of primary injury and subsequent injury, which influence how severe the condition is.”
BackgroundDing, X., Chen, C., Zhao, H., Dai, B., Ye, L., Song, T., Huang, S., Wang, J., & You, T. (2024) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01925 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Damage to spinal cord tissues triggers the activation of resident immune inflammatory cells (DiSabato et al., 2024), especially astrocytes and microglia, through a sequence of pathological processes (O’Shea et al., 2017; Bellver-Landete et al., 2019; Bradbury and Burnside, 2019; Dias et al., 2021).”
BackgroundPericytes in Glioblastoma: Hidden Regulators of Tumor Vasculature and Therapy Resistance
Salazar-Saura, I., Pinilla-Sala, M., Megías, J., Navarro, L., Roselló-Sastre, E., & San‐Miguel, T. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17010015 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…used for pericyte identification in various tissues, including the brain [9]. pericytes and their migration towards newly formed immature microvessels in the BBB. vessel maturation process, VEGF ( • α SMA (smooth muscle actin alfa): it identifies contractile pericytes in tissues [10]. factor.”
InfluentialStrasser, M. K., Gibbs, D. L., Gascard, P. D., Bons, J., Hickey, J. W., Schürch, C. M., Tan, Y., Black, S., Chu, P., Özkan, A., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.06.08.544265 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“intermediate (32) Squamous epithelium upper (33) Stressed dying T cells (34) Submucosal Gland cells (35) Regulatory T cells (36) Venous endothelial cells (37) Hepatoid tumor cells 16”
BackgroundWang, S.-M., Hsu, J.-Y. C., Ko, C., et al. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03207-z · Cited by 14
“centralized lesions surrounded by glial scars [2, 3].”
Huang, J., Chen, Y., Zhou, L., Ren, J., Tian, M., Yang, Q., Wang, L., Wu, Y., Wen, J., & Yang, Q. (2024) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105674 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“After the absorption of necrotic tissue in ischemic stroke, the lesion core is sealed off by the fibrotic scar, which is constituted of ECM-producing fibroblasts and peripherally derived macrophages (Dias and G ¨ oritz, 2018; Makihara et al., 2015; Dias et al., 2021).”
BackgroundApplication and prospects of somatic cell reprogramming technology for spinal cord injury treatment
Yang, R., Pan, J., Wang, Y., Xia, P.-H., Tai, M., Jiang, Z., & Chen, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.1005399 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
'Scary' pericytes: the fibrotic scar in brain and spinal cord lesions.
Rentsch, N. H., & Rust, R. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2021.10.013 · Cited by 13
A molecular brain atlas reveals cellular shifts during the repair phase of stroke
Weber, R., Buil, B. A., Rentsch, N. H., Bosworth, A., Zhang, M., Kisler, K., Tackenberg, C., & Rust, R. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03437-z · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“To further characterize the IC cell cluster, we co-stained IGFBP5-positive cells with GFAP (reactive astrocyte marker) and PDGFR-β (fibrotic fibroblast-like cell marker) [41] (Fig.”
InfluentialCollagen I is a critical organizer of scarring and CNS regeneration failurePreprint
Bi, Y., Duan, W., & Silver, J. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.05.07.592424 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“…scar has long been recognized to constitute a highly repulsive barrier for spontaneous axon regrowth in adults after SCI 80-82 , it has recently garnered more intense interest after it was shown that regeneration across the lesion was increased following the reduction of fibrotic cells 21,79,83 .”
BackgroundContinued dysfunction of capillary pericytes promotes no-reflow after experimental stroke in vivo
Shrouder, J., Filser, S., Varga, D., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.03.06.531258 · Cited by 11
North, H. F., Weissleder, C., Bitar, M., Barry, G., Fullerton, J. M., Webster, M. J., & Weickert, C. S. (2024) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-024-00466-0 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Morris, G. P., Gowing, E. K., Courtney, J., Coombe, H. E., King, N. E., Rewell, S. S. J., Howells, D. W., Clarkson, A. N., & Sutherland, B. A. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.25146 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Strasser, M. K., Gibbs, D. L., Gascard, P. D., Bons, J., Hickey, J. W., Pan, D., Caruso, J. A., Wang, X., Chen‐Tanyolac, C., Bai, R., et al. (2025) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2025.06.034 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Wu, W., Zhang, J., Chen, Y., Chen, Q., Liu, Q., Zhang, F., Li, S., & Wang, X. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-024-04049-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Genes/Proteins Glial scars Promote/inhibit regeneration Fibronectin [92]; Collagen [92]”
Nakamura, K., & Ago, T. (2023) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.rv22007 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Protzmann, J., Zeitelhofer, M., Stefanitsch, C., Torrente, D., Adzemovic, M. Z., Matjunins, K., Randel, S. J. I., Lewandowski, S. A., Muhl, L., Eriksson, U., et al. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci171077 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“In the CNS, lineage tracing analyses largely supports the latter, i.e. that perivascular cells in the NVU are the main progenitors of the fibrotic (39, 57) and myofibroblast scar formation (58), of which a subset resides along medium-to large-sized vessels and expresses PDGFR α and PDGFR β .”
Physiological Insights Into the Role of Pericytes in Spinal Cord Injury
Jin, H.-M., Rawlins, J., Chen, Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.31500 · Cited by 8
Shan, F., Ye, J., Xu, X., Liang, C., Zhao, Y., Wang, J., Ouyang, F., Li, J. J., Lv, J., Wu, Z., et al. (2024) · Cell & Bioscience · doi:10.1186/s13578-024-01310-9 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) has been identified as a specific marker for scar-forming fibroblasts [2, 4].”
BackgroundClickable immune-microenvironment modulated hydrogels for spinal cord injury repair
Zhang, L., Wei, J., Huang, Y., Wang, L., Gao, H., & Yang, Y. (2024) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2024.10.113 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Pericyte-derived cells participate in optic nerve scar formation
Preishuber‐Pflügl, J., Mayr, D., Altinger, V., Brunner, S. M., Koller, A., Runge, C., Ladek, A., Lenzhofer, M., Rivera, F. J., Tempfer, H., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1151495 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“This is in line with CNS lesion studies reporting that 80%–90% of the PDGFRβ scar-forming cells originate from type A PCs (Dias et al., 2021).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDai, B., Fan, Z.-H., Chen, R., et al. (2025) · Neuromolecular medicine · doi:10.1007/s12017-025-08877-7 · Cited by 7
“They rapidly activate following the initial mechanical insult (Bradbury & Burnside, 2019; Dias et al., 2021), releasing substantial quantities of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species.”
InfluentialPericytes in hematogenous metastasis: mechanistic insights and therapeutic approaches
Xu, S., Zhang, H., & Tian, Y. (2025) · Cellular Oncology · doi:10.1007/s13402-025-01073-6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Notably, increasing evidence points towards pericytes having significant pathological roles, including vascular system-related diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and neurodegenerative diseases [14, 15 ], as well as fibrosis [ 16] and tumors [17].”
Duan, Q.-R., Liu, Z., Xing, Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-025-06157-3 · Cited by 7
“Pericytes are acknowledged as a cellular origin of fibrosis in the central nervous system (CNS) [14, 17].”
Ouyang, F., Zheng, M., Li, J., Huang, J., Ye, J., Wang, J., Zhao, Y., Shan, F., Li, Z., Yu, S., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-86991-z · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Quantitative analyses focused on three sagittal sections per mouse, each containing lesion core, in accordance with established procedures 31 .”
Zhang, C., Shao, Q., Zhang, Y., Liu, W., Kang, J., Jin, Z., Huang, N., & Ning, B. (2024) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.14826 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zavvarian, M.-M., Modi, A. D., Sadat, S., Hong, J., & Fehlings, M. G. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25115708 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“The secondary response to traumatic SCI involves a variety of neuronal populations as well as glial cells, such as astrocytes, microglia [27], fibroblasts [28], oligodendrocytes [29,30], pericytes [31,32], and circulatory immune cells [33].”
BackgroundPericyte derivation and transplantation for blood-CNS barrier reconstitution in CNS disorders
Kim, H., Wu, K. L., Tam, K.-W., Chan, Y., & Shum, D. K. (2024) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.12.007 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Furthermore, GLAST Type 1 + (GLAST1 + ) pericytes, which supposedly make up 10% of the pericyte population in the CNS, are known to proliferate during CNS injury and form the core of the glial scar (Dias et al., 2021, 2018).”
BackgroundLong‐term recruitment of peripheral immune cells to brain scars after a neonatal insult
Bolini, L., Campos, R. M. P., Spiess, D. A., Lima‐Rosa, F. L., Dantas, D. P., Conde, L., Méndez‐Otero, R., Vale, A. M., & Pimentel‐Coelho, P. M. (2023) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.24490 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“In the cerebral cortex, the glial scar surrounded the fibrotic scar, as previously described in adults (Chio et al., 2021; Dias et al., 2021).”
BackgroundAdewumi, H., Berniac, G. I., McCarthy, E. A., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.08.14.553293 · Cited by 7
Mammalian organ regeneration in spiny mice
Okamura, D. M., Nguyen, E. D., Collins, S., Yoon, K., Gere, J. B., Weiser‐Evans, M. C. M., Beier, D. R., & Majesky, M. W. (2022) · Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility · doi:10.1007/s10974-022-09631-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Time Is Brain” – for Cell Therapies
Yin, H. R., Brian, D., Weber, R., Lyden, P. D., & Rust, R. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202519579 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hu, Y., & Gao, J. (2025) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2025.104054 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Characterizing stroke-related cellular changes in the surviving neurons of mouse ischemic stroke
Ikegami, T., Sasaki, T., Shimbo, T., Kitayama, T., Yamamoto, Y., Ouchi, Y., Yamazaki, S., Sugiyama, S., Nishiyama, K., Gon, Y., et al. (2025) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2025.106086 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ito, K., Shinozaki, M., Hashimoto, S., Saijo, Y., Suematsu, Y., Tanaka, T., Nishi, K., Yagi, H., Shibata, S., Kitagawa, Y., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-82959-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Based on the findings of the present study, scar resection is regarded as a promising therapeutic option in clinical practice for the treatment of fibrotic scars, for which definitive treatment protocols have yet to be established 8–12 , 50 .”
The Hidden Hand in White Matter: Pericytes and the Puzzle of Demyelination
Raj, S., Sarangi, P., Goyal, D., & Kumar, H. (2024) · ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science · doi:10.1021/acsptsci.4c00192 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
JR5558 mice are a reliable model to investigate subretinal fibrosis
Seyed‐Razavi, Y., Lee, S., Fan, J., Shen, W., Cornish, E. E., & Gillies, M. C. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-66068-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Interestingly, the glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST), a major glutamate uptake carrier within Müller cells 82,83 , is also noted in type-A pericytes where it is utilised to distinguish these from non-scar-forming perivascular cells 84 .”
BackgroundHuang, V., Roem, J. L., Ng, D. K., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-61388-6 · Cited by 6
“S100β is a calcium-binding protein localized predominately in the cytoplasm of astrocytes and involved in neuronal growth and survival 12,48 and has been associated with unfavorable outcome after pediatric cardiac arrest 34 and in neonatal HIE 46 .”
BackgroundInfluentialBiology of neurofibrosis with focus on multiple sclerosis
Lozinski, B. M., Ghorbani, S., & Yong, V. W. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1370107 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Langseth, C., Kukanja, P., Rodríguez-Kirby, L. A. R., Agirre, E., Raman, A., Yokota, C., Avenel, C., Tiklová, K., Guerreiro-Cacais, A. O., Olsson, T., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.06.29.547074 · Cited by 6
- Authors
- Dias, D. O., Kalkitsas, J., Kelahmetoglu, Y., Estrada, C. P., Tatarishvili, J., Ernst, A., Huttner, H. B., Kokaia, Z., Lindvall, O., Brundin, L., Frisén, J., & Göritz, C.
- Venue
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2020-05-02
- References
- 49
- Type
- Preprint
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