SARS-CoV-2 natural antibody response persists up to 12 months in a nationwide study from the Faroe Islands
Open accessPreprint — published as 10.1093/ofid/ofab378
Abstract
Only a few studies have assessed the long-term duration of the humoral immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this nationwide longitudinal study from the Faroe Islands with close to full participation of all individuals on the Islands with PCR confirmed COVID-19 during the two waves of infections in the spring and autumn 2020 (n=172 & n=233), samples were drawn at three longitudinal time points (3, 7 and 12 months and 1, 3 and 7 months after disease onset, respectively). Serum was analyzed with a direct quantitative IgG antibody binding ELISA to detect anti–SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD antibodies and a commercially available qualitative sandwich RBD ELISA kit measuring total antibody binding. The seropositive rate in the convalescent individuals was above 95 % at all sampling time points for both assays. There was an overall decline in IgG titers over time in both waves (p < 0.001). Pairwise comparison showed that IgG declined significantly from the first sample until approximately 7 months in both waves (p < 0.001). After that, the antibody level still declined significantly (p < 0.001), but decelerated with an altered slope remaining fairly stable from 7 months to 12 months after infection. Interestingly, the IgG titers followed a U-shaped curve with higher antibody levels among the oldest (67+) and the youngest (0– 17) age groups compared to intermediate groups (p < 0.001). Our results indicate that COVID-19 convalescent individuals are likely to be protected from reinfection up to 12 months after symptom onset and maybe even longer. We believe our results can add to the understanding of natural immunity and the expected durability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immune responses.
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Infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to persistent anti-RBD antibodies in serum and corresponding neutralizing responses.
“Consistent with the longevity of bone marrow plasma cells, infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to persistent anti-RBD antibodies in serum, and corresponding neutralizing responses.”
From Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
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Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 one year after infection
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- Authors
- Petersen, M. S., Hansen, C. B., Fríðheim Kristiansen, M., Fjallsbak, J. P., Larsen, S., Hansen, J. L., Jarlhelt, I., Pérez-Alós, L., á Steig, B., Christiansen, D. H., Møller, L. F., Strøm, M., Andorsdóttir, G., Gaini, S., Weihe, P., & Garred, P.
- Affiliations
- University of the Faroe Islands (FO)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Statens Serum Institut (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Petersen, Maria Skaalum
- ORCID
- Venue
- Open Forum Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2021-04-22
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- ofab378-ofab378
- ISSN
- 2328-8957 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8360234
- OpenAlex
- W3193581010
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 1.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Open Forum Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Carlsbergfondet (CF20-0045)
- Novo Nordisk (NFF205A0063505)
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NFF205A0063505, NNF20SA0064201, NNF20SA0063180, NNF20SA0063505)
- Granskingarráðið
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, natural antibody response, humoral immunity, antibody waning, reinfection, Faroe Islands, longitudinal serology, SARS-CoV-2 variants, Omicron BA.1, Omicron BA.2, Omicron BA.4
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