A comprehensive neuroanatomical survey of the Drosophila Lobula Plate Tangential Neurons with predictions for their optic flow sensitivity
Open accessAbstract
Flying insects exhibit remarkable navigational abilities controlled by their compact nervous systems. Optic flow , the pattern of changes in the visual scene induced by locomotion, is a crucial sensory cue for robust self-motion estimation, especially during rapid flight. Neurons that respond to specific, large-field optic flow patterns have been studied for decades, primarily in large flies, such as houseflies, blowflies, and hover flies. The best-known optic-flow sensitive neurons are the large tangential cells of the dipteran lobula plate, whose visual-motion responses, and to a lesser extent, their morphology, have been explored using single-neuron neurophysiology. Most of these studies have focused on the large, Horizontal and Vertical System neurons, yet the lobula plate houses a much larger set of ‘optic-flow’ sensitive neurons, many of which have been challenging to unambiguously identify or to reliably target for functional studies. Here we report the comprehensive reconstruction and identification of the Lobula Plate Tangential Neurons in an Electron Microscopy (EM) volume of a whole Drosophila brain. This catalog of 58 LPT neurons (per brain hemisphere) contains many neurons that are described here for the first time and provides a basis for systematic investigation of the circuitry linking self-motion to locomotion control. Leveraging computational anatomy methods, we estimated the visual motion receptive fields of these neurons and compared their tuning to the visual consequence of body rotations and translational movements. We also matched these neurons, in most cases on a one-for-one basis, to stochastically labeled cells in genetic driver lines, to the mirror-symmetric neurons in the same EM brain volume, and to neurons in an additional EM data set. Using cell matches across data sets, we analyzed the integration of optic flow patterns by neurons downstream of the LPTs and find that most central brain neurons establish sharper selectivity for global optic flow patterns than their input neurons. Furthermore, we found that self-motion information extracted from optic flow is processed in distinct regions of the central brain, pointing to diverse foci for the generation of visual behaviors.
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The whole-brain reconstruction reveals many other aspects of VPN connectivity, such as their inputs in the medulla, lobula and lobula plate.
“Our whole-brain reconstruction reveals many other aspects of VPN connectivity, such as their inputs in the medulla, lobula and lobula plate62.”
From Neuronal wiring diagram of an adult brain (2024) · cites this paper as [62]
The Results section, “Brain-spanning network connectivity between LPTs” (page unavailable), describes synaptic connections involving lobula plate tangential neurons in the optic lobe and central brain. It supports lobula plate connectivity for this class of visual projection neurons, but does not establish the cited claim about VPN inputs in all three regions—the medulla, lobula, and lobula plate. The citing authors’ statement about what their own reconstruction reveals is not a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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Tanaka, R., Zhou, B., Agrochão, M., Badwan, B. A., Au, B., Matos, N. C. B., & Clark, D. A. (2023) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.011 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Gap junctions arbitrate binocular course control in fliesPreprint
Pokusaeva, V. O., Satapathy, R., Symonova, O., & Joesch, M. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.05.31.543181 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms to incorporate visual counterevidence in self motion estimationPreprint
Tanaka, R., Zhou, B., Agrochão, M., Badwan, B. A., Au, B., Matos, N. C. B., & Clark, D. A. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.01.04.522814 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Veinante, P., & Freund-Mercier, M.-J. (1997) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19970707)383:3
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Gibson JJ. 1950. The perception of the visual world., The perception of the visual world. Oxford, England: Houghton Mifflin.
- Ng A, Jordan M, Weiss Y. 2001. On Spectral Clustering: Analysis and an algorithmAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems. MIT Press.
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neuronal wiring diagram of an adult brain
Dorkenwald, S., Matsliah, A., Sterling, A. R., Schlegel, P., Yu, S.-C., McKellar, C. E., Lin, A., Costa, M., Eichler, K., Yin, Y., et al. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07558-y · Cited by 570 · see citing works
“Our whole-brain reconstruction reveals many other aspects of VPN connectivity, such as their inputs in the medulla, lobula and lobula plate 62 .”
MethodSelf-citationConnectome-driven neural inventory of a complete visual system
Nern, A., Loesche, F., Takemura, S.-Y., Burnett, L. E., Dreher, M., Gruntman, E., Hoeller, J., Huang, G. B., Januszewski, M., Klapoetke, N. C., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08746-0 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationA split-GAL4 driver line resource for Drosophila neuron typesPreprint
Meissner, G. W., Vannan, A., Jeter, J., Close, K., DePasquale, G. M., Dorman, Z., Forster, K., Beringer, J. A., Gibney, T. V., Hausenfluck, J. H., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.98405.3 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationInfrequent strong connections constrain connectomic predictions of neuronal function
Currier, T. A., & Clandinin, T. R. (2025) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2025.05.007 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dendrite architecture determines mitochondrial distribution patterns in vivo
Donovan, E. J., Agrawal, A., Liberman, N., Kalai, J. I., Adler, A. J., Lamper, A. M., Wang, H. Q., Chua, N. J., Koslover, E. F., & Barnhart, E. L. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114190 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Yuan, X., Li, H., & Guo, F. (2024) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3002918 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
eLife Assessment: A split-GAL4 driver line resource for Drosophila CNS cell types
Reis, T. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.98405.1.sa4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A split-GAL4 driver line resource for Drosophila CNS cell typesPreprint
Meissner, G. W., Vannan, A., Jeter, J., Close, K., DePasquale, G. M., Dorman, Z., Forster, K., Beringer, J. A., Gibney, T. V., Hausenfluck, J. H., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.98405.1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationPopulation morphology implies a common developmental blueprint for Drosophila motion detectors
Drummond, N., Zhao, A., & Borst, A. (2026) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014657
Self-citationAuthor response: A split-GAL4 driver line resource for Drosophila CNS cell types
Meissner, G. W., Vannan, A., Jeter, J., Close, K., DePasquale, G. M., Dorman, Z., Forster, K., Beringer, J. A., Gibney, T. V., Hausenfluck, J. H., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.98405.1.sa0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationReviewer #2 (Public Review): A split-GAL4 driver line resource for Drosophila CNS cell types
Meissner, G. W., Vannan, A., Jeter, J., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.98405.1.sa2
Reviewer #1 (Public Review): A split-GAL4 driver line resource for Drosophila CNS cell types
Meissner, G. W., Vannan, A., Jeter, J., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.98405.1.sa3
Reviewer #3 (Public Review): A split-GAL4 driver line resource for Drosophila CNS cell types
Meissner, G. W., Vannan, A., Jeter, J., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.98405.1.sa1
A split-GAL4 driver line resource for Drosophila neuron typesPreprint
Meissner, G. W., Vannan, A., Jeter, J., Close, K., DePasquale, G. M., Dorman, Z., Forster, K., Beringer, J. A., Gibney, T. V., Hausenfluck, J. H., et al. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.98405.2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationConnectome-driven neural inventory of a complete visual system
Nern, A., Loesche, F., Takemura, S.-Y., Burnett, L. E., Dreher, M., Gruntman, E., Hoeller, J., Huang, G. B., Januszewski, M., Klapoetke, N. C., et al. (2024) · doi:10.1101/2024.04.16.589741 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Zhao, A., Nern, A., Koskela, S., Dreher, M., Erginkaya, M., Laughland, C. W., Ludwigh, H., Thomson, A., Hoeller, J., Parekh, R., Romani, S., Bock, D. D., Chiappe, E., & Reiser, M. B.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Champalimaud Foundation (PT)
- University of Vermont (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reiser, Michael B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2023-10-17
- PMC
- PMC10614863
- OpenAlex
- W4387805401
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (RF1MH117815, RF1MH120679)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM098151)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U24NS126935)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Keywords
- Drosophila, lobula plate, optical flow, self-motion estimation, central brain, neuron reconstruction, computational anatomy, aircraft navigation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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