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The size of the immune repertoire of bacteria
Open accessPreprint — published as 10.1073/pnas.1903666117 · Paper page
Abstract
Some bacteria and archaea possess an immune system, based on the CRISPR-Cas mechanism, that confers adaptive immunity against phage. In such species, individual bacteria maintain a “cassette” of viral DNA elements called spacers as a memory of past infections. The typical cassette contains a few dozen spacers. Given that bacteria can have very large genomes, and since having more spacers should confer a better memory, it is puzzling that so little genetic space would be devoted by bacteria to their adaptive immune system. Here, we identify a fundamental trade-off between the size of the bacterial immune repertoire and effectiveness of response to a given threat, and show how this tradeoff imposes a limit on the optimal size of the CRISPR cassette.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bradde, S., Nourmohammad, A., Goyal, S., & Balasubramanian, V.
- Affiliations
- American Physical Society (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bradde, Serena
- Nourmohammad, Armita
- Goyal, Sidhartha
- Balasubramanian, Vijay
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2019-03-01
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 5144-5151
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7071851
- OpenAlex
- W3007847401
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 2.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Bulletin of the American Physical Society
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (160761, 1734030, PHY-160761)
- Simons Foundation (400425)
- Aspen Center for Physics (PHY-160761)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB1310)
- Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (SFB1310)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Keywords
- CRISPR-Cas, adaptive immunity, immunological memory, archaea, antiviral defense, prokaryotic genomes
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Bacteriophages, Adaptive Immunity, CRISPR-Cas Systems
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