Cited by 155RNA and protein synthesis mechanismsOrigins and Evolution of LifeEvolution and Genetic Dynamics

Evolution of Protein Synthesis from an RNA World

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Noller, H. F.·2012·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

Abstract

Because of the molecular complexity of the ribosome and protein synthesis, it is a challenge to imagine how translation could have evolved from a primitive RNA World.Two specific suggestions are made here to help to address this, involving separate evolution of the peptidyl transferase and decoding functions.First, it is proposed that translation originally arose not to synthesize functional proteins, but to provide simple ( perhaps random) peptides that bound to RNA, increasing its available structure space, and therefore its functional capabilities.Second, it is proposed that the decoding site of the ribosome evolved from a mechanism for duplication of RNA.This process involved homodimeric "duplicator RNAs," resembling the anticodon arms of tRNAs, which directed ligation of trinucleotides in response to an RNA template.Outline 1 Introduction 2 Translation out of an RNA World 3 Peptidyl transferase: the ribosome is a ribozyme 4 Aminoacyl-tRNA selection: the 30S subunit a site 5 The 30S subunit p site: another function of rRNA 6 RNA molecular mechanics and translocation 7 What are ribosomal proteins for?8 "Stop tRNAs" and the evolution of type I release factors 9 dRNA and the origins of the ribosomal decoding site 10 The driving force for evolution of translation from an RNA world 11

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  • Given genes and proteins, the origin of molecular machines such as the ATPase is an impressive but not conceptually challenging evolutionary step, far less problematic than the hurdles at the origin of the ribosome and the code.

    “Given genes and proteins, the origin of molecular machines such as the ATPase is an admittedly impressive, but not conceptually challenging, evolutionary step; it is a far less problematic increment than the hurdles that had to be surmounted at the origin of the ribosome and the code [110,117].”

    From Early bioenergetic evolution (2013) · cites this paper as [117]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) calls the origin of the ribosome one of the most challenging problems in molecular evolution, and the Conclusions (page unavailable) say that the evolution of coding remains the most difficult step to explain. The paper does not address the origin of ATPase or say that, given genes and proteins, molecular machines are comparatively easy to evolve. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • The inferred oldest core of the ribosome consists of a few surprisingly simple sequences.

    “Indeed, the ribosome can be thought of as essentially an entropy ‘trap’ for carefully aligned substrates [199], and the inferred oldest core of the ribosome consists of a few surprisingly simple sequences [200].”

    From The RNA world as a model system to study the origin of life (2015) · cites this paper as [200]

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Hill, A. Dahlberg, RA. Garrett, PB. Moore, D. Schlessinger, JR. Warner), pp. 73-92. American Society of Microbiology, Washington, D.C.

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Authors
Noller, H. F.
Affiliations
University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
Corresponding author
Noller, H. F.
Venue
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
Published
2010-07-07
Volume
4
Issue
4
Pages
a003681-a003681
ISSN
1943-0264 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2137913279
Cited by
155
References
95
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 2
Type
posted content
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • W. M. Keck Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM017129)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
Keywords
origin of translation, RNA world, ribosome evolution, peptidyl transferase, ribozymes, ribosomal decoding site, aminoacyl-tRNA selection, 30S subunit, ribosomal proteins, anticodon, ribosome translocation, protein synthesis
MeSH terms
Biological Evolution, Nucleic Acid Conformation, RNA, Protein Biosynthesis

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