PreprintCited by 507Cancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersImmunotherapy and Immune ResponsesCytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions

Cytokines in Cancer Immunotherapy

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Waldmann, Thomas A.·2018·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

Abstract

Cytokines that control the immune response were shown to have efficacy in preclinical murine cancer models. Interferon (IFN)-α is approved for treatment of hairy cell leukemia, and interleukin (IL)-2 for the treatment of advanced melanoma and metastatic renal cancer. In addition, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have been evaluated in clinical trials. However, the cytokines as monotherapy have not fulfilled their early promise because cytokines administered parenterally do not achieve sufficient concentrations in the tumor, are often associated with severe toxicities, and induce humoral or cellular checkpoints. To circumvent these impediments, cytokines are being investigated clinically in combination therapy with checkpoint inhibitors, anticancer monoclonal antibodies to increase the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of these antibodies, antibody cytokine fusion proteins, and anti-CD40 to facilitate tumor-specific immune responses.

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Crossref · 10.1101/cshperspect.a028472

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  • Some cytokines including GM-CSF, IFN-α, IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-21 have antitumor activity via stimulating immunity, inhibiting proliferation, or inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.

    “Some cytokines including GM-CSF, IFN-α, IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-21 have antitumor activity via stimulating immunity, inhibiting proliferation, or inducing apoptosis in cancer cells [318].”

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Authors
Waldmann, T. A.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Waldmann, Thomas A.
Venue
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
Published
2017-11-03
Volume
10
Issue
12
Pages
a028472
ISSN
1943-0264 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2766958390
Cited by
507
References
157
Citations by year
2026: 30 · 2025: 72 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 11
Type
posted content
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Cancer Institute
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
Keywords
cytokines, cancer immunotherapy, interferon-alpha, interleukin-2, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, GM-CSF, immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, monoclonal antibodies, antibody-cytokine fusion proteins, anti-CD40 antibody, tumor immunology, cytokine toxicity
MeSH terms
Biological Factors, Humans, Neoplasms, Cytokines

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