Cited by 813Single-cell and spatial transcriptomicsGene Regulatory Network AnalysisGene expression and cancer classification

Defining cell types and states with single-cell genomics

Open access
Trapnell, Cole·2015·Genome Research

Abstract

A revolution in cellular measurement technology is under way: For the first time, we have the ability to monitor global gene regulation in thousands of individual cells in a single experiment. Such experiments will allow us to discover new cell types and states and trace their developmental origins. They overcome fundamental limitations inherent in measurements of bulk cell population that have frustrated efforts to resolve cellular states. Single-cell genomics and proteomics enable not only precise characterization of cell state, but also provide a stunningly high-resolution view of transitions between states. These measurements may finally make explicit the metaphor that C.H. Waddington posed nearly 60 years ago to explain cellular plasticity: Cells are residents of a vast “landscape” of possible states, over which they travel during development and in disease. Single-cell technology helps not only locate cells on this landscape, but illuminates the molecular mechanisms that shape the landscape itself. However, single-cell genomics is a field in its infancy, with many experimental and computational advances needed to fully realize its full potential.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1101/gr.190595.115

Cites

20 of 20 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Conventional bulk biochemical assays of chromatin return the mean profile of their input cells, which due to Simpson's paradox is potentially representative of none of the cells therein.

    “Conventional or ‘bulk’ biochemical assays of chromatin return the mean profile of their input cells, which due to Simpson’s paradox [G] is potentially representative of none of the cells therein157,158.”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 52

  1. Achim K, Pettit JB, Saraiva LR, Gavriouchkina D, Larsson T, Arendt D, Marioni JC. 2015 High-throughput spatial mapping of single-cell RNA-seq data to tissue of origin. Nat Biotechnol 33: 503– 509. 25867922
  2. Bendall SC, Davis KL, Amir el-AD, Tadmor MD, Simonds EF, Chen TJ, Shenfeld DK, Nolan GP, Pe'er D. 2014 Single-cell trajectory detection uncovers progression and regulatory coordination in human B cell development. Cell 157: 714– 725. 24766814 PMC4045247
  3. Boareto M, Jolly MK, Lu M, Onuchic JN, Clementi C, Ben-Jacob E. 2015 Jagged–Delta asymmetry in Notch signaling can give rise to a Sender/Receiver hybrid phenotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci 112: E402– E409. 25605936 PMC4321269
  4. Brennecke P, Anders S, Kim JK, Kołodziejczyk AA, Zhang X, Proserpio V, Baying B, Benes V, Teichmann SA, Marioni JC, 2013 Accounting for technical noise in single-cell RNA-seq experiments. Nat Methods 10: 1093– 1095. 24056876
  5. Buenrostro JD, Giresi PG, Zaba LC, Chang HY, Greenleaf WJ. 2013 Transposition of native chromatin for fast and sensitive epigenomic profiling of open chromatin, DNA-binding proteins and nucleosome position. Nat Methods 10: 1213– 1218. 24097267 PMC3959825
  6. Buenrostro JD, Wu B, Litzenburger UM, Ruff D, Gonzales ML, Snyder MP, Chang HY, Greenleaf WJ. 2015 Single-cell chromatin accessibility reveals principles of regulatory variation. Nature 523: 486– 490. 26083756 PMC4685948
  7. Buganim Y, Faddah DA, Cheng AW, Itskovich E, Markoulaki S, Ganz K, Klemm SL, van Oudenaarden A, Jaenisch R. 2012 Single-cell expression analyses during cellular reprogramming reveal an early stochastic and a late hierarchic phase. Cell 150: 1209– 1222. 22980981 PMC3457656
  8. Chen KH, Boettiger AN, Moffitt JR, Wang S, Zhuang X. 2015 Spatially resolved, highly multiplexed RNA profiling in single cells. Science 348: aaa6090. 25858977 PMC4662681
  9. Collier JR, Monk NA, Maini PK, Lewis JH. 1996 Pattern formation by lateral inhibition with feedback: a mathematical model of delta-notch intercellular signalling. J Theor Biol 183: 429– 446. 9015458
  10. Crawford GE, David S, Scacheri PC, Renaud G, Halawi MJ, Erdos MR, Green R, Meltzer PS, Wolfsberg TG, Collins FS. 2006 DNase-chip: a high-resolution method to identify DNase I hypersensitive sites using tiled microarrays. Nat Methods 3: 503– 509. 16791207 PMC2698431
  11. Cusanovich DA, Daza R, Adey A, Pliner HA. 2015 Multiplex single-cell profiling of chromatin accessibility by combinatorial cellular indexing. Science 348: 910– 914. 25953818 PMC4836442
  12. Durruthy-Durruthy R, Gottlieb A, Hartman BH, Waldhaus J, Laske RD, Altman R, Heller S. 2014 Reconstruction of the mouse otocyst and early neuroblast lineage at single-cell resolution. Cell 157: 964– 978. 24768691 PMC4051200
  13. Ferrell JE Jr, Machleder EM. 1998 The biochemical basis of an all-or-none cell fate switch in Xenopus oocytes. Science 280: 895– 898. 9572732
  14. Fu GK, Xu W, Wilhelmy J, Mindrinos MN, Davis RW, Xiao W, Fodor SP. 2014 Molecular indexing enables quantitative targeted RNA sequencing and reveals poor efficiencies in standard library preparations. Proc Natl Acad Sci 111: 1891– 1896. 24449890 PMC3918775
  15. Giresi PG, Kim J, McDaniell RM, Iyer VR, Lieb JD. 2007 FAIRE (Formaldehyde-Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements) isolates active regulatory elements from human chromatin. Genome Res 17: 877– 885. 17179217 PMC1891346
  16. Grindberg RV, Yee-Greenbaum JL, McConnell MJ, Novotny M, O'Shaughnessy AL, Lambert GM, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Lee J, Fishman M, Robbins GE, 2013 RNA-sequencing from single nuclei. Proc Natl Acad Sci 110: 19802– 19807. 24248345 PMC3856806
  17. Grün D, Kester L, van Oudenaarden A. 2014 Validation of noise models for single-cell transcriptomics. Nat Methods 11: 637– 640. 24747814
  18. Guo H, Zhu P, Wu X, Li X, Wen L, Tang F. 2013 Single-cell methylome landscapes of mouse embryonic stem cells and early embryos analyzed using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Genome Res 23: 2126– 2135. 24179143 PMC3847781
  19. Hashimshony T, Wagner F, Sher N, Yanai I. 2012 CEL-Seq: single-cell RNA-seq by multiplexed linear amplification. Cell Rep 2: 666– 673. 22939981
  20. Huang S, Guo YP, May G, Enver T. 2007 Bifurcation dynamics in lineage-commitment in bipotent progenitor cells. Dev Biol 305: 695– 713. 17412320
  21. Islam S, Kjällquist U, Moliner A, Zajac P, Fan JB, Lönnerberg P, Linnarsson S. 2011 Characterization of the single-cell transcriptional landscape by highly multiplex RNA-seq. Genome Res 21: 1160– 1167. 21543516 PMC3129258
  22. Jaitin DA, Kenigsberg E, Keren-Shaul H, Elefant N, Paul F, Zaretsky I, Mildner A, Cohen N, Jung S, Tanay A, 2014 Massively parallel single-cell RNA-seq for marker-free decomposition of tissues into cell types. Science 343: 776– 779. 24531970 PMC4412462
  23. Johnson DS, Mortazavi A, Myers RM, Wold B. 2007 Genome-wide mapping of in vivo protein-DNA interactions. Science 316: 1497– 1502. 17540862
  24. Kauffman SA. 1993 The origins of order: self-organization and selection in evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
  25. Klein AM, Mazutis L, Akartuna I, Tallapragada N, Veres A, Li V, Peshkin L, Weitz DA, Kirschner MW. 2015 Droplet barcoding for single-cell transcriptomics applied to embryonic stem cells. Cell 161: 1187– 1201. 26000487 PMC4441768
  26. Kolodziejczyk AA, Kim JK, Svensson V, Marioni JC, Teichmann SA. 2015 The technology and biology of single-cell RNA sequencing. Mol Cell 58: 610– 620. 26000846
  27. Lara-Astiaso D, Weiner A, Lorenzo-Vivas E, Zaretsky I, Jaitin DA, David E, Keren-Shaul H, Mildner A, Winter D, Jung S, 2014 Chromatin state dynamics during blood formation. Science 345: 943– 949. 25103404 PMC4412442
  28. Larsson C, Grundberg I, Söderberg O, Nilsson M. 2010 In situ detection and genotyping of individual mRNA molecules. Nat Methods 7: 395– 397. 20383134
  29. Lee JH, Daugharthy ER, Scheiman J, Kalhor R, Yang JL, Ferrante TC, Terry R, Jeanty SS, Li C, Amamoto R, 2014 Highly multiplexed subcellular RNA sequencing in situ. Science 343: 1360– 1363. 24578530 PMC4140943
  30. Lieberman-Aiden E, van Berkum NL, Williams L, Imakaev M, Ragoczy T, Telling A, Amit I, Lajoie BR, Sabo PJ, Dorschner MO, 2009 Comprehensive mapping of long-range interactions reveals folding principles of the human genome. Science 326: 289– 293. 19815776 PMC2858594
  31. Lister R, O'Malley RC, Tonti-Filippini J, Gregory BD, Berry CC, Millar AH, Ecker JR. 2008 Highly integrated single-base resolution maps of the epigenome in Arabidopsis. Cell 133: 523– 536. 18423832 PMC2723732
  32. Lubeck E, Cai L. 2012 Single-cell systems biology by super-resolution imaging and combinatorial labeling. Nat Methods 9: 743– 748. 22660740 PMC3418883
  33. Macaulay IC, Haerty W, Kumar P, Li YI, Hu TX, Teng MJ, Goolam M, Saurat N, Coupland P, Shirley LM, 2015 G&T-seq: parallel sequencing of single-cell genomes and transcriptomes. Nat Methods 12: 519– 522. 25915121
  34. Macosko EZ, Basu A, Satija R, Nemesh J, Shekhar K, Goldman M, Tirosh I, Bialas AR, Kamitaki N, Martersteck EM, 2015 Highly parallel genome-wide expression profiling of individual cells using nanoliter droplets. Cell 161: 1202– 1214. 26000488 PMC4481139
  35. Magwene PM, Lizardi P, Kim J. 2003 Reconstructing the temporal ordering of biological samples using microarray data. Bioinformatics 19: 842– 850. 12724294
  36. Mikkelsen TS, Manching K, Jaffe DB, Issac B, Lieberman E, Giannoukos G, Alvarez P, Brockman W, Kim TK, Koche RP, 2007 Genome-wide maps of chromatin state in pluripotent and lineage-committed cells. Nature 448: 553– 560. 17603471 PMC2921165
  37. Moignard V, Macaulay IC, Swiers G, Buettner F, Schütte J, Calero-Nieto FJ, Kinston S, Joshi A, Hannah R, Theis FJ, 2013 Characterization of transcriptional networks in blood stem and progenitor cells using high-throughput single-cell gene expression analysis. Nat Cell Biol 15: 363– 372. 23524953 PMC3796878
  38. Nagalakshmi U, Wang Z, Waern K, Shou C, Raha D, Gerstein M, Snyder M. 2008 The transcriptional landscape of the yeast genome defined by RNA sequencing. Science 320: 1344– 1349. 18451266 PMC2951732
  39. Nakamura T, Yabuta Y, Okamoto I, Aramaki S, Yokobayashi S, Kurimoto K, Sekiguchi K, Nakagawa M, Yamamoto T, Saitou M. 2015 SC3-seq: a method for highly parallel and quantitative measurement of single-cell gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 43: e60. 25722368 PMC4482058
  40. Navin N, Kendall J, Troge J, Andrews P, Rodgers L, McIndoo J, Cook K, Stepansky A, Levy D, Esposito D, 2011 Tumour evolution inferred by single-cell sequencing. Nature 472: 90– 94. 21399628 PMC4504184
  41. Padovan-Merhar O, Nair GP, Biaesch AG, Mayer A, Scarfone S, Foley SW, Wu AR, Churchman LS, Singh A, Raj A. 2015 Single mammalian cells compensate for differences in cellular volume and DNA copy number through independent global transcriptional mechanisms. Mol Cell 58: 1– 15. 25866248 PMC4402149
  42. Picelli S, Faridani OR, Björklund AK, Winberg G, Sagasser S, Sandberg R. 2014 Full-length RNA-seq from single cells using Smart-seq2. Nat Protoc 9: 171– 181. 24385147
  43. Qiu P, Gentles AJ, Plevritis SK. 2011 Discovering biological progression underlying microarray samples. PLoS Comput Biol 7: e1001123. 21533210 PMC3077357
  44. Ramsköld D, Luo S, Wang YC, Li R, Deng Q, Faridani OR, Daniels GA, Khrebtukova I, Loring JF, Laurent LC, 2012 Full-length mRNA-Seq from single-cell levels of RNA and individual circulating tumor cells. Nat Biotechnol 30: 777– 782. 22820318 PMC3467340
  45. Shalek AK, Satija R, Adiconis X, Gertner RS, Gaublomme JT, Raychowdhury R, Schwartz S, Yosef N, Malboeuf C, Lu D, 2013 Single-cell transcriptomics reveals bimodality in expression and splicing in immune cells. Nature 498: 236– 240. 23685454 PMC3683364
  46. Shalek AK, Satija R, Shuga J, Trombetta JJ, Gennert D, Lu D, Chen P, Gertner RS, Gaublomme JT, Yosef N, 2014 Single-cell RNA-seq reveals dynamic paracrine control of cellular variation. Nature 510: 363– 369. 24919153 PMC4193940
  47. Smallwood SA, Lee HJ, Angermueller C, Krueger F, Saadeh H, Peat J, Andrews SR, Stegle O, Reik W, Kelsey G. 2014 Single-cell genome-wide bisulfite sequencing for assessing epigenetic heterogeneity. Nat Methods 11: 817– 820. 25042786 PMC4117646
  48. Sprinzak D, Lakhanpal A, LeBon L, Santat LA, Fontes ME, Anderson GA, Garcia-Ojalvo J, Elowitz MB. 2010 Cis-interactions between Notch and Delta generate mutually exclusive signalling states. Nature 465: 86– 90. 20418862 PMC2886601
  49. Stergachis AB, Neph S, Reynolds A, Humbert R, Miller B, Paige SL, Vernot B, Cheng JB, Thurman RE, Sandstrom R, 2013 Developmental fate and cellular maturity encoded in human regulatory DNA landscapes. Cell 154: 888– 903. 23953118 PMC3962256
  50. Strahl BD, Allis CD. 2000 The language of covalent histone modifications. Nature 403: 41– 45. 10638745
  51. Tang F, Barbacioru C, Wang Y, Nordman E, Lee C, Xu N, Wang X, Bodeau J, Tuch BB, Siddiqui A, 2009 mRNA-Seq whole-transcriptome analysis of a single cell. Nat Methods 6: 377– 382. 19349980
  52. Xue Z, Huang K, Cai C, Cai L, Jiang CY, Feng Y, Liu Z, Zeng Q, Cheng L, Sun YE, 2013 Genetic programs in human and mouse early embryos revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Nature 500: 593– 597. 23892778 PMC4950944

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Trapnell, C.
Affiliations
University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author
Trapnell, Cole
Venue
Genome Research
Published
2015-10
Volume
25
Issue
10
Pages
1491-1498
ISSN
  • 1088-9051 (ISSN-L)
  • 1549-5469
OpenAlex
W2178888844
Cited by
813
References
20
Citations by year
2026: 80 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 93 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 1
Type
posted content
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Genome Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Dale Frey Award
  • Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation
  • Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene expression and cancer classification
Keywords
single-cell genomics, cell types, cell states, cellular plasticity, Waddington landscape, cellular heterogeneity, gene expression regulation, cell state transitions, developmental origins, single-cell proteomics
MeSH terms
Animals, Cells, Cytological Techniques, Humans, Genomics

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review