The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Impaired declarative memory for emotional material following bilateral amygdala damage in humans.
Open accessAbstract
Everyday experience suggests that highly emotional events are often the most memorable, an observation supported by psychological and pharmacological studies in humans. Although studies in animals have shown that nondeclarative emotional memory (behaviors associated with emotional situations) may be impaired by lesions of the amygdala, little is known about the neural underpinnings of emotional memory in humans, especially in regard to declarative memory (memory for facts that can be assessed verbally). We investigated the declarative memory of two rare patients with selective bilateral amygdala damage. Both subjects showed impairments in long-term declarative memory for emotionally arousing material. The data support the hypothesis that the human amygdala normally enhances acquisition of declarative knowledge regarding emotionally arousing stimuli.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“By contrast, memory for the emotional story was selectively disrupted in patients with bilateral amygdala damage and spared hippocampus (Adolphs et al., 1997;Markowitsch et al., 1994).”
From Affective Cognition and its Disruption in Mood Disorders (2011) · cites this paper as Adolphs et al., 1997
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372669a0 · Cited by 2,360
Self-citationBechara, A., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., Adolphs, R., Rockland, C., & Damasio, A. R. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7652558 · Cited by 1,400
Self-citationβ-Adrenergic activation and memory for emotional events
Cahill, L., Prins, B., Weber, M., & McGaugh, J. L. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/371702a0 · Cited by 1,271
Self-citationRemembering pictures: Pleasure and arousal in memory.
Bradley, M. M., Greenwald, M. K., Petry, M. C., & Lang, P. J. (1992) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.18.2.379 · Cited by 1,188
Remembering pictures: Pleasure and arousal in memory.
Bradley, M. M., Greenwald, M. K., Petry, M. C., & Lang, P. J. (1992) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.18.2.379 · Cited by 1,187
The lateral amygdaloid nucleus: sensory interface of the amygdala in fear conditioning
LeDoux, J., Cicchetti, P., Xagoraris, A., & Romanski, L. (1990) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.10-04-01062.1990 · Cited by 1,167
Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. (1995) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-09-05879.1995 · Cited by 1,138
Self-citationAmygdala activity at encoding correlated with long-term, free recall of emotional information.
Cahill, L. F., Haier, R. J., Fallon, J., Alkire, M. T., Tang, C. Y., Keator, D., Wu, J. C., & McGaugh, J. L. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.15.8016 · Cited by 928
Self-citationLesion analysis in neuropsychology
Damásio, H., & Damásio, A. R. (1989) · Oxford University Press eBooks · Cited by 896
The amygdala and emotional memory
Cahill, L. F., Babinsky, R., Markowitsch, H. J., & McGaugh, J. L. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/377295a0 · Cited by 834
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Gallagher, M., B.S. Kapp, J.P. Pascoe, and P.R. Rapp. 1981. A neuropharmacology of amygdaloid systems which contribute to learning and memory. In The amygdaloid complex (ed. Y. Ben-Ari). Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Loftus, E.F. 1979. Eyewitness testimony. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–387 of 387
Liao, W., Cui, D., Jin, J., Liu, W., Wang, X., Wang, H., Li, Y., Liu, Z., & Yin, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.747288 · Cited by 3
Allen, A. D. (2013) · World Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.4236/wjns.2013.34031 · Cited by 3
Machado, L. D. V., Frank, J. E., & Tomaz, C. A. B. (2010) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/s0004-282x2010000500012 · Cited by 3
Some comments on the emotional and motor dynamics of language embodiment
Bazan, A., & Bunder, D. V. (2005) · Advances in consciousness research · doi:10.1075/aicr.62.05baz · Cited by 3
The Information Processing Role of the Amygdala in Emotion
Sato, W. (2008) · doi:10.5772/6175 · Cited by 2
Interactions Between Emotion and Cognition: A Neurobiological Perspective
Sergerie, K., & Armony, J. L. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/88-470-0550-7_5 · Cited by 2
Bauer, P. J., Stevens, J. S., Stenson, A. F., Waters, T. E. A., & Jackson, F. L. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/67583 · Cited by 2
Declarative Memory System: Amnesia
Squire, L. R., & Shrager, Y. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012370509-9.00118-2 · Cited by 3
Preliminary Validation of the Triana Test: A New Story Recall Test Based on Emotional Material
Luque‐Tirado, A., Rodrigo‐Herrero, S., Sánchez‐Arjona, M. B., & Macías, E. F. (2021) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/15333175211025911 · Cited by 2
Fornari, R. V., Aerni, A., de Quervain, D. J. ‐., & Roozendaal, B. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16996-1_7 · Cited by 2
Acute Glucocorticoids Interact with Arousal State in Regulating Long‐term Memory Formation
Campolongo, P., & Roozendaal, B. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118083222.ch9 · Cited by 2
Brain and behaviour in functional retrograde amnesia
Fujiwara, E. (2004) · PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University) · Cited by 2
Learning and Representation of Declarative Memories by Single Neurons in the Human Brain
Rutishauser, U. (2008) · CaltechTHESIS (California Institute of Technology) · doi:10.7907/gx3n-qd05 · Cited by 2
Intuition, expertise and judgement in the capture and assessment of photographic images
Ryan, R. J. (2019) · doi:10.46289/ssfa2043 · Cited by 2
The fear factor : effects of implicit and explicit processing on the emotional enhancement of memory
Patel, R. R. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14651592.v1 · Cited by 2
Destination memory disorders: At the junction between memory and socioaffective processing
Haj, M. E. (2024) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2024.2351213 · Cited by 1
Neuropsychologie des instincts et des émotions
Gil, R. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-78570-2.00018-6 · Cited by 1
The Relationships Between Executive Function and Positive Reappraisal Abilities in Adulthood
Chang, Y.-C. (2013) · Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver) · Cited by 1
Preferences for visual stimuli following amygdala damage
Adolphs, R. (2000) · Neurocase · doi:10.1093/neucas/6.6.439-a · Cited by 1
Self-citationMcGaugh, J. L., & Roozendaal, B. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.21092-4 · Cited by 1
Modulación emocional de la memoria: aspectos neurobiológicos
Solís‐Vivanco, R. (2012) · Archivos de Neurociencias · Cited by 1
The Effect of Emotion on Associative Memory: Anger Versus Fear
Adler, M. A. (2020) · Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal · doi:10.5399/uo/ourj/17.1.2
Fornari, R. V., Aerni, A., Roozendaal, B., & de Quervain, D. J. ‐. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22272-6_5 · Cited by 1
Fountoulakis, K. N. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10351-3_11 · Cited by 1
Interazioni tra emozione e cognizione: una prospettiva neurobiologica
Sergerie, K., & Armony, J. L. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-0659-1_5 · Cited by 1
Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Social Sciences 104
Tillfors, M. (2001) · Cited by 1
Cultural factors influencing content of delusions among schizophrenic patients in Saudi Arabia
ALNzawi, F. M. (2012) · Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London) · Cited by 1
Allocation of attention and the encoding of emotional memories.
Blank, M. P. (2011) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 1
SPECIAL ISSUE THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY OF AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY
Greenberg, D. L., & Rubin, D. C. (2003) · Cited by 1
Emotional recognition in computing
Axelrod, L. (2010) · Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London) · Cited by 1
Commentary: Beyond Preclassified Reality
Shalev, A. Y. (1999) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.1999.11024874 · Cited by 1
The fear factor : effects of implicit and explicit processing on the emotional enhancement of memory
Patel, R. R. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14651592 · Cited by 1
Role of Stress Hormones and the Amygdala in Creating Lasting Memories
Mcgaugh, J., Roozendaal, B., & Okuda, S. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/4-431-29567-4_9 · Cited by 1
The Influence of Individual Differences on Emotional Processing and Emotional Memory
Johnson, P. L. (2014) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)
Examining reelin expression and neural plasticity in animal models of depression
Lussier, A. L. (2012) · University Library - University of Saskatchewan (University of Saskatchewan)
Christen, A., & Grandjean, D. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118601938.ch2
Introductory and Basic Aspects
López‐Ríos, F., Martín, S. G., & Moreno, A. M. M. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527619337.ch11
Neurobiological mechanisms by which emotional arousal influences longterm memory formation
Cahill, L. F. (2001) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8225-5_3
Self-citationModesti, A. (2014) · Digital Commons @ Butler University (Butler University)
damageperceptual experience following amygdala Dissociation of affective modulation of recollective
Papps, B. P., & Calder, A. (2006)
AGING, EMOTIONAL MEMORY AND THE HIPPOCAMPUS
Mikos, A. E. (2006)
MEMÓRIA EMOCIONAL EM IDOSOS SAUDÁVEIS
Tizeli, G. P. (2009) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Cooper, G. (2015) · CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder)
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Urbach-Wiethe Disease
Conti, R. P., & Arnone, J. M. (2015) · Clinical and experimental neurology · doi:10.12691/ijcen-3-2-3
Abreu, C. T., Tomaz, C. A. B., & Tavares, M. C. H. (2006) · Americanae (AECID Library)
Howes, M. B., & O’Shea, G. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-408087-4.00009-8
Ablative procedures in psychiatric neurosurgery
Huie, D., Aronson, J. P., & Eskandar, E. N. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118801086.ch22
Mechanisms in Risky Choice Framing Affective Responses and Deliberative Processing
Martinussen, L. J. (2016) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Videogames and the Brain: An Investigation into Psychopathy and Empathy
Fishlock, J. (2016) · OpenCommons - UConn (University of Connecticut)
Examination of Emotion-modulated Processing using Eye Movement Monitoring and Magnetoencephalography
Riggs, L. (2012) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Making use of brain–behavior links
Doherty, B. R., Shimi, A. G., & Scerif, G. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315735313-12
Hegemann, R. U. (2018) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)
Watts, S. H. (2015) · Durham e-Theses (Durham University)
Modulation of emotion perception and memory via sub-threshold amygdala stimulation in humansPreprint
Bujarski, K. A., Song, Y., Kolankiewicz, S. I., Wozniak, G. H., Andrews, A. S., Guillory, S. A., Roberts, D. W., Aronson, J. P., & Jobst, B. C. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/638767
The Origins and Development of Visual Categorization
Cabral, L. M. (2019) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
Dunsmoor, J. E., & Kroes, M. C. W. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190881511.003.0006
Özçelik, E. (2020) · Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences · doi:10.14744/dajpns.2020.00106 · Cited by 1
Nguyen, A., Campbell, R. L., Vance, A., & Leen‐Feldner, E. W. (2021) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab072.112
Der Zusammenhang zwischen Emotionsregulation, kognitiver Kontrolle und Gedächtnisprozessen
Schulze, K. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-60280-5_8
Aversive memory formation in humans is determined by an amygdala-hippocampus phase codePreprint
Costa, M., Lozano-Soldevilla, D., Gil-Nagel, A., Toledano, R., Oehrn, C., Kunz, L., Yebra, M., Mendez-Bertolo, C., Stieglitz, L., Sarnthein, J., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.09.06.21262859
Frodl, T., & Carballedo, A. (2011) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.11813956.12910054
(2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444395068.refs
Neural correlates of perceived emotions in human insula and amygdalaPreprint
Zhang, Y., Zhou, W., Huang, J., Hong, B., & Wang, X. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.01.29.477631
(2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-408087-4.00020-7
Ehlers, M. R., & Todd, R. M. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198793014.003.0012
R.Damasio, A. (2012) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410606181-7
An emotional cognitive being and its comparative study
Anvarovna, I. M. (2022) · ACADEMICIA An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal · doi:10.5958/2249-7137.2022.00484.0
Neuropsychologie des instincts et des émotions
Gil, R., & Wager, M. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-76689-3.00022-x
Inman, C. S., & Brunner, P. (2023) · Studies in neuroscience, psychology and behavioral economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-20910-9_5
Norms for the Triana Test: A Story Recall Test Based on Emotional Material
Luque‐Tirado, A., Montiel-Herrera, F., Maestre-Bravo, R., Barril-Aller, C., García‐Roldán, E., Arriola‐Infante, J. E., Sánchez‐Arjona, M. B., Rodrigo‐Herrero, S., Vargas-Romero, J. P., & Macías, E. F. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports · doi:10.3233/adr-230096
Postle, B. R. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394266982.ch18
Odor-induced persistent neural activity in associative encoding in humansPreprint
Tarrida, J., Moreno, M., Vidal, J., Panyella, D., Marco‐Pallarés, J., & Fuentemilla, L. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.02.23.581728
Emotional Tagging and Long-Term Memory Formation
Richter‐Levin, G., Kehat, O., & Anunu, R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-54864-2_18
Understanding Emotions: The Received View
Misra, I., Gautam, S., & Kumar, A. (2024) · International and cultural psychology/International and cultural psychology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-46349-5_2
Hu, L., Wu, K., Li, H., Zhu, M., Zhang, Y., Fu, M., Tang, M., Lu, F., Cai, X., An, J., et al. (2024) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-024-01764-0
Calandreau, L. (2006) · Oskar-Bordeaux (Universite de Bordeaux)
Des fantômes dans la voix : une hypothèse neuropsychanalytique sur la structure de l’inconscient
Bazan, A. (2009) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/80c65114zf889z4c3cz8803zd22e922c0112
Interaction émotion / cognition dans le trouble bipolaire
Lescalier, L. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/eefe0b14z61cdz416dzbb9aze5b5f90cc8c3
(2026) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394461714.ch18
Stimulus-specific recruitment of human amygdala neurons predicts episodic memory encoding success
Xiao, J., Daume, J., Salimpour, Y., Kurilenko, N., Mosher, C., Anderson, W. S., Valiante, T. A., Mamelak, A. N., & Rutishauser, U. (2026) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02493-9
Thomas, E. M. (2014) · Papyrus : Institutional Repository (Université de Montréal) · doi:10.71781/18315
Neuropsicología de las emociones
Gil, R. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-84-458-1506-9.50017-1
Metadata
- Authors
- Adolphs, R., Cahill, L., Schul, R., & Babinsky, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Adolphs, R
- ORCID
- Adolphs, R
- Venue
- Learning & Memory
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 1997
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 291-300
- ISSN
- 1355-4794 (ISSN-L)
- 1072-0502
- 1549-5485
- OpenAlex
- W2058308079
- Cited by
- 389
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 6.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurocase (publishedVersion)
- Learning & Memory (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P01 NS19632, P01NS019632)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- declarative memory, emotional memory, amygdala, memory impairment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amygdala, Brain Damage, Chronic, Brain Injuries, Emotions, Female, Humans, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Memory, Memory Disorders, Reference Values, Speech
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
