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Correlated input-port, matter-wave interferometer: Quantum-noise limits to the atom-laser gyroscope
Abstract
I derive the quantum phase-noise limit to the sensitivity of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which the incident quantum particles enter via both input ports. I show that if the incident particles are entangled and correlated properly, then the phase sensitivity scales asymptotically like the Heisenberg-limited $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\varphi}=O(1/N),$ for large $N,$ where $N$ is the number of particles incident per unit time. (In a one-input-port device, the sensitivity can be at best $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\varphi}=1/\sqrt{N}.$) My calculation applies to bosons or fermions of arbitrary integer or half-integer spin. Applications to optical, atom-beam, and atom-laser gyroscopes are discussed---in particular, an atom-laser can be used to obtain the required entanglements for achieving this Heisenberg-limited sensitivity with atomic matter waves.
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“The states that maximize the QFI and yield the HS for decoherence-free unitary channels are typically highly entangled: the GHZ state in the case of atomic spectroscopy43, and the N00N state in the case of optical interferometry44.”
From The elusive Heisenberg limit in quantum-enhanced metrology (2012) · cites this paper as [44]
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“A specific twin-beam entanglement is the so-called “high NOON” type (Bouwmeester, 2004) state 26 of two beams a and b (Dowling, 1998; Kok et al., 2001, 2002): |NOON〉 = |N, 0; 0, N〉 = 1√ 2 (|N〉a|0〉b + |0〉a|N〉b).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Dowling, J. P.
- Affiliations
- U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dowling, Jonathan P.
- Venue
- Physical Review A
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1998-06-01
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 4736-4746
- ISSN
- 0556-2791 (ISSN-L)
- 1050-2947
- 1094-1622
- OpenAlex
- W1985734554
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 3.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical Review A (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Keywords
- matter-wave interferometry, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, entangled particles, Heisenberg limit, quantum noise, optical gyroscope, spin-1/2 particles, bosons and fermions
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