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Correlated input-port, matter-wave interferometer: Quantum-noise limits to the atom-laser gyroscope
Abstract
I derive the quantum phase-noise limit to the sensitivity of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which the incident quantum particles enter via both input ports. I show that if the incident particles are entangled and correlated properly, then the phase sensitivity scales asymptotically like the Heisenberg-limited $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\varphi}=O(1/N),$ for large $N,$ where $N$ is the number of particles incident per unit time. (In a one-input-port device, the sensitivity can be at best $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\varphi}=1/\sqrt{N}.$) My calculation applies to bosons or fermions of arbitrary integer or half-integer spin. Applications to optical, atom-beam, and atom-laser gyroscopes are discussed---in particular, an atom-laser can be used to obtain the required entanglements for achieving this Heisenberg-limited sensitivity with atomic matter waves.
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“The states that maximize the QFI and yield the HS for decoherence-free unitary channels are typically highly entangled: the GHZ state in the case of atomic spectroscopy43, and the N00N state in the case of optical interferometry44.”
From The elusive Heisenberg limit in quantum-enhanced metrology (2012) · cites this paper as [44]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Dowling, J. P.
- Affiliations
- U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dowling, Jonathan P.
- Venue
- Physical Review A
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1998-06-01
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 4736-4746
- ISSN
- 0556-2791 (ISSN-L)
- 1050-2947
- 1094-1622
- OpenAlex
- W1985734554
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 3.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical Review A (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Keywords
- matter-wave interferometry, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, entangled particles, Heisenberg limit, quantum noise, optical gyroscope, spin-1/2 particles, bosons and fermions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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