Experimenter’s freedom in Bell’s theorem and quantum cryptography
Open accessAbstract
Bell's theorem states that no local realistic explanation of quantum mechanical predictions is possible, in which the experimenter has a freedom to choose between different measurement settings. Within a local realistic picture the violation of Bell's inequalities can only be understood if this freedom is denied. We determine the minimal degree to which the experimenter's freedom has to be abandoned, if one wants to keep such a picture and be in agreement with the experiment. Furthermore, the freedom in choosing experimental arrangements may be considered as a resource, since its lacking can be used by an eavesdropper to harm the security of quantum communication. We analyze the security of quantum key distribution as a function of the (partial) knowledge the eavesdropper has about the future choices of measurement settings which are made by the authorized parties (e.g., on the basis of some quasi-random generator). We show that the equivalence between the violation of Bell's inequality and the efficient extraction of a secure key---which exists for the case of complete freedom (no setting knowledge)---is lost unless one adapts the bound of the inequality according to this lack of freedom.
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Pseudo-random number generator output sequences are usually perfectly balanced between 0 and 1s, but a strong long-range correlation exists, which can undermine cryptographic security, cause unexpected errors in scientific simulations or open loopholes in fundamental physics tests.
“Although the output sequences are usually perfectly balanced between 0 and 1 s, a strong long-range correlation exists, which can undermine cryptographic security, cause unexpected errors in scienti fi c simulations or open loopholes in fundamental physics tests. 5 -7”
From Quantum random number generation (2016) · cites this paper as [5]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Kofler, J., Paterek, T., & Brukner, Č.
- Affiliations
- University of Vienna (AT)
- University of Gdańsk (PL)
- Venue
- Physical Review A
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2006-02-06
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 2
- ISSN
- 0556-2791 (ISSN-L)
- 1050-2947
- 1094-1622
- OpenAlex
- W1975441927
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Review A (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- OeAD-GmbH
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Communication Security Techniques
- Keywords
- Bell's theorem, Bell inequalities, local realism, quantum key distribution, eavesdropping, quantum cryptography security
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