Angular dependence of photoemission time delay in helium
Open accessAbstract
Time delays of electrons emitted from an isotropic initial state with the absorption of a single photon and leaving behind an isotropic ion are angle independent. Using an interferometric method involving XUV attosecond pulse trains and an IR-probe field in combination with a detection scheme, which allows for full three-dimensional momentum resolution, we show that measured time delays between electrons liberated from the $1{s}^{2}$ spherically symmetric ground state of helium depend on the emission direction of the electrons relative to the common linear polarization axis of the ionizing XUV light and the IR-probing field. Such time delay anisotropy, for which we measure values as large as 60 as, is caused by the interplay between final quantum states with different symmetry and arises naturally whenever the photoionization process involves the exchange of more than one photon. With the support of accurate theoretical models, the angular dependence of the time delay is attributed to small phase differences that are induced in the laser-driven continuum transitions to the final states. Since most measurement techniques tracing attosecond electron dynamics involve the exchange of at least two photons, this is a general and significant effect that must be taken into account in all measurements of time delays involving photoionization processes.
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This triggered theoretical studies of this interaction and of the effect of probing the system.
“This also triggered theoretical studies of this interaction as well as of the effect of probing the system [187,190,194].”
From Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics (2018) · cites this paper as [190]
τcc becomes very large at low kinetic energies, preventing precise time delay measurements.
“It becomes very large at low kinetic energies, thus preventing precise time delay measurements [188,190].”
From Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics (2018) · cites this paper as [190]
Pump/probe schemes often use either single attosecond pulses with a rather intense infrared probe pulse or an attosecond pulse train with a weak infrared pulse.
“Pump/probe schemes often use either single attosecond pulses together with a rather intense infrared probe pulse [185,186,191] or an attosecond pulse train together with a weak infrared pulse [187-190, 192, 193].”
From Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics (2018) · cites this paper as [190]
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- Authors
- Heuser, S., Jiménez Galán, Á., Cirelli, C., Marante, C., Sabbar, M., Boge, R., Lucchini, M., Gallmann, L., Ivanov, I., Kheifets, A. S., Dahlström, J. M., Lindroth, E., Argenti, L., Martín, F., & Keller, U.
- Affiliations
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
- University of Bern (CH)
- Australian National University (AU)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Physical Review A
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2016-12-09
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 6
- ISSN
- 0556-2791 (ISSN-L)
- 2469-9926
- 2469-9934
- OpenAlex
- W2560410097
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 13
- FWCI
- 7.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Physical Review A (publishedVersion)
- Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (publishedVersion)
- Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Hispana (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Research Council (ERC-2012-ADG_20120216, 290853)
- Seventh Framework Programme
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- European Cooperation in Science and Technology (CM1204)
- Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (FIS2013-42002-R)
- Australian Research Council (DP120101805)
- Vetenskapsrådet (2012-3668)
- National Science Foundation (NSF PHY11-25915)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Keywords
- angular dependence, helium, attosecond interferometry, photoionization, 1s ground state
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