Terahertz ionic Kerr effect: Two-phonon contribution to the nonlinear optical response in insulators
Open accessAbstract
The THz Kerr effect measures the birefringence induced in an otherwise isotropic material by a strong THz pulse driving the Raman-active excitations of the systems. Here we provide experimental evidence of a sizable Kerr response in insulating ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ due to infrared-active lattice vibrations. Such a signal, named the ionic Kerr effect, is associated with the simultaneous excitation of multiple phonons. Thanks to a theoretical modeling of the time, polarization, and temperature dependence of the birefrengence, we can disentangle the ionic Kerr effect from the off-resonant electronic excitations, providing an alternative tunable mechanism to modulate the refractive index on ultrashort timescales via infrared active phonons.
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The theory predicts an effect proportional to the product of the Ex and Ey components of the incident terahertz field.
“We anticipate here that the theory predicts an effect proportional to the product of the Ex and Ey components of the incident terahertz field, as we show in Fig. 2b and in the Methods.”
From Terahertz electric-field-driven dynamical multiferroicity in SrTiO3 (2024) · cites this paper as [23]
An additional IKE contribution, associated with the nonlinear excitation of the infrared-active soft phonon mode, is present.
“Besides the EKE, it has been shown that an additional contribution, IKE, associated with the nonlinear excitation of the infrared-active soft phonon mode, is present23.”
From Terahertz electric-field-driven dynamical multiferroicity in SrTiO3 (2024) · cites this paper as [23]
In ref. 23 it was shown that the EKE response is given by an equation involving Ex and Ey pump components, the angle θ, and the two independent tensor components of the χ(3) tensor in cubic STO from ref. 58.
“In ref. 23 it was shown that the EKE response is given bywhere Ex and Ey are the components of the pump pulse along generic x and y orthogonal directions, ϑ is the angle that x and y form with respect to the main crystallographic axes (i and j) and , as are the only two independent tensor components of the χ(3) tensor in cubic STO from ref. 58.”
From Terahertz electric-field-driven dynamical multiferroicity in SrTiO3 (2024) · cites this paper as [23]
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- R. W. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics, 3rd ed. (Academic Press, New York, 2008).
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Terahertz electric-field-driven dynamical multiferroicity in SrTiO3
Basini, M., Pancaldi, M., Wehinger, B., Udina, M., Unikandanunni, V., Tadano, T., Hoffmann, M. C., Balatsky, A. V., & Bonetti, S. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07175-9 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
“nonlinear optical response of the material due to the Kerr effect 23 , which comprises an electronic (EKE) and a ionic (IKE) contribution, as described in the Methods.”
InfluentialSelf-citation
- Authors
- Basini, M., Udina, M., Pancaldi, M., Unikandanunni, V., Bonetti, S., & Benfatto, L.
- Affiliations
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Basini, M.
- Udina, M.
- Venue
- Physical Review B
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2024-01-18
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 2
- ISSN
- 2469-9950 (ISSN-L)
- 2469-9969
- OpenAlex
- W4390973234
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3
- FWCI
- 1.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Physical review. B./Physical review. B (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- ARCA (Università Ca' Foscari Venezia) (submittedVersion)
- CNR ExploRA (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (2017.0158, 2019.0068)
- Sapienza Università di Roma (RP1221816662A977)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Terahertz technology and applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics
- Keywords
- two-phonon processes, Raman-active phonons, SrTiO3, nonlinear optical properties, birefringence, refractive index modulation, insulators, temperature dependence
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