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Cited by 37Fusion materials and technologiesNuclear materials and radiation effectsUltrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation

Bridging the gap to mesoscale radiation materials science with transient grating spectroscopy

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Dennett, Cody A., Cao, Penghui, Ferry, Sara E., Vega-Flick, Alejandro, Maznev, Alexei A., Nelson, Keith A., Every, Arthur G., Short, Michael P.·2016·Physical Review B
DOI 10.1103/physrevb.94.214106
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Abstract

Direct mesoscale measurements of radiation-induced changes in the mechanical properties of bulk materials remain difficult to perform. Most widely used characterization techniques are either macro- or microscale in nature, focusing on overall properties or overly small areas for analysis. Linking the atomic structure of irradiated materials directly with their radiation-affected properties remains one of the largest unmet challenges in radiation materials science. By measuring the change in surface acoustic wave speed as a function of relative orientation on metallic single crystals, we demonstrate that transient grating (TG) spectroscopy experiments have the sensitivity necessary to detect radiation-induced material property changes. We also show that classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be used to accurately simulate orientation-based changes in surface acoustic wave speed in TG experiments, by comparing with experimental measurements and theoretical predictions. The agreement between theory, simulation, and experiment gives confidence in classical MD as a predictive tool to simulate defect-based changes in elastic properties, which cannot yet be fully treated by theory. This ability is of critical importance for the informed use of TG spectroscopy to measure material property changes induced by radiation damage, which may vary by amounts formerly too small for reliable in situ detection. Finally, our MD simulation framework is used to study the effect of an imposed vacancy population on the acoustic response of several materials. The results of these studies indicate that TG experiments are well suited to the ex situ and in situ study of radiation-induced material property changes.

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  • Short and Dennett et al. introduced in situ ion irradiation with TGS to infer bulk property changes as they occur, enabling quantification of relationships between dose and void swelling, elastic moduli, and thermal diffusivity in single-crystal metals.

    “Short and Dennett et al. [13, 7] introduced in situ ion irradiation with TGS to infer bulk property changes as they occur, enabling the quantification of relationships between dose and void swelling [14], elastic moduli [15], and thermal diffusivity [16] in single-crystal metals.”

    From A facility for thermo-mechanical characterization of fusion magnet materials during cryogenic ion irradiation (2025) · cites this paper as [15]

    Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Previous TGS studies on copper have used SAW speed measurements and theory grounded in the Christoffel equation to deduce stiffness constants in monocrystal samples subjected to irradiation.

    “Previous TGS studies on copper have utilized SAW speed measurements and theory grounded in the Christoffel equation to deduce stiffness constants in monocrystal samples subjected to irradiation [15, 31].”

    From A facility for thermo-mechanical characterization of fusion magnet materials during cryogenic ion irradiation (2025) · cites this paper as [15]

    The Experiment and Experimental Results sections report TGS measurements of SAW speeds in copper single crystals, and Analytical SAW velocity calculation relates predicted speeds to elastic stiffness. But the measured crystals were not reported as irradiated: Materials with defects describes simulations, while the theoretical calculations use reference stiffness constants rather than deducing them from the measured speeds. The copy does not name the Christoffel equation. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Calibration using a {100}-oriented single crystal tungsten reference specimen (SAW speed: 2669.5 m/s) revealed a true grating spacing of 3.5276 μm.

    “Calibration using a { 100 } -oriented single crystal tungsten reference specimen (SAW speed: 2669.5 m/s) revealed a true grating spacing of 3.5276 µ m [15].”

    From A facility for thermo-mechanical characterization of fusion magnet materials during cryogenic ion irradiation (2025) · cites this paper as [15]

    Section A (Experiment; page unavailable) confirms that a {001}-oriented single-crystal tungsten specimen was used to calibrate the projected grating spacing. It gives the reference SAW speed as 2665.9 m/s, not 2669.5 m/s, and does not report a grating spacing of 3.5276 μm. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In situ ion irradiation with TGS has been introduced to infer bulk property changes as they occur, enabling quantification of relationships between dose and void swelling, elastic moduli, and thermal diffusivity in single-crystal metals.

    “Short and Dennett et al. [13, 7] introduced in situ ion irradiation with TGS to infer bulk property changes as they occur, enabling the quantification of relationships between dose and void swelling [14], elastic moduli [15], and thermal diffusivity [16] in single-crystal metals.”

    From A facility for thermo-mechanical characterization of fusion magnet materials during cryogenic ion irradiation (2025) · cites this paper as [15]

    The Introduction and Background says TGS was previously proposed for in situ monitoring during ion irradiation; this paper tests its sensitivity to small changes in surface acoustic wave speed. The Conclusions describes monitoring properties as irradiation takes place as a future development, not an in situ experiment demonstrated here. Its simulations relate vacancy concentration to acoustic response, but do not quantify dose relationships for void swelling, elastic moduli, and thermal diffusivity. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Calibration using a {100}-oriented single crystal tungsten reference specimen with SAW speed 2669.5 m/s revealed a true grating spacing of 3.5276 μm.

    “Calibration using a { 100 } -oriented single crystal tungsten reference specimen (SAW speed: 2669.5 m/s) revealed a true grating spacing of 3.5276 µ m [15].”

    From A facility for thermo-mechanical characterization of fusion magnet materials during cryogenic ion irradiation (2025) · cites this paper as [15]

    Section A (Experiment; page not provided) says a {001}-oriented single-crystal tungsten specimen was used to calibrate grating spacing. It gives the reference SAW speed as 2665.9 m/s, not 2669.5 m/s, and does not report a grating spacing of 3.5276 μm. (LLM, conf=0.91)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Dennett, C. A., Cao, P., Ferry, S. E., Vega-Flick, A., Maznev, A. A., Nelson, K. A., Every, A. G., & Short, M. P.
Affiliations
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
  • University of the Witwatersrand (ZA)
ORCID
Venue
Physical Review B
Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Published
2016-12-13
Volume
94
Issue
21
ISSN
  • 2469-9950 (ISSN-L)
  • 2469-9969
DOI
10.1103/physrevb.94.214106
OpenAlex
W2565252705
Cited by
37
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2
FWCI
1.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Physical review. B./Physical review. B (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
  • Physical Review Letters
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (1122374, CHE-1111557)
  • U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC-HQ-84-15-G-0045)
  • Office of Nuclear Energy
  • U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC07-05ID14517)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Fusion materials and technologies
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nuclear materials and radiation effects
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation
Keywords
transient grating spectroscopy, radiation damage, elastic properties, crystal orientation dependence, molecular dynamics simulation, vacancy defects, in situ characterization

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