How long before the end of inflation were observable perturbations produced?
Open accessAbstract
We reconsider the issue of the number of e-foldings before the end of inflation at which observable perturbations were generated. We determine a plausible upper limit on that number for the standard cosmology which is around 60, with the expectation that the actual value will be up to 10 below this. We also note a special property of the $\ensuremath{\lambda}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ model which reduces the uncertainties in that case and favors a higher value, giving a fairly definite prediction of 64 e-foldings for that model. We note an extreme (and highly implausible) situation where the number of e-foldings can be even higher, possibly up to 100, and discuss the shortcomings of quantifying inflation by e-foldings rather than by the change in $\mathrm{aH}.$ Finally, we discuss the impact of nonstandard evolution between the end of inflation and the present, showing that again the expected number of e-foldings can be modified, and in some cases significantly increased.
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Cosmological Aspects of Higgs Vacuum Metastability
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- Authors
- Liddle, A. R., & Leach, S. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Sussex (GB)
- ORCID
- Liddle, Andrew R.
- Venue
- Physical Review D
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2003-11-11
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 10
- ISSN
- 0556-2821 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-4918
- OpenAlex
- W2170963768
- Semantic Scholar
- dbf34123417af83a8161489a5217d455c90e9d1a
- Cited by
- 607
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 10.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (acceptedVersion)
- Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Leverhulme Trust
- European Commission
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Keywords
- inflation (cosmology), end of inflation, cosmic inflation, Hubble parameter, primordial perturbations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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