The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Entanglement, Nonlinear Dynamics, and the Heisenberg Limit
Open accessAbstract
We show that quantum Fisher information provides a sufficient condition to recognize multiparticle entanglement in an N qubit state. The same criterion gives a necessary and sufficient condition for sub-shot-noise phase sensitivity in the estimation of a collective rotation angle theta. The analysis therefore singles out the class of entangled states which are useful to overcome classical phase sensitivity in metrology and sensors. We finally study the creation of useful entangled states by the nonlinear dynamical evolution of two decoupled Bose-Einstein condensates or trapped ions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This is a result that is now firmly established [33, 36] and that comes out in a rather natural fashion within this new framework.”
From Quantum Speed Limits in Open System Dynamics (2013) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“For pure states, it has been shown (e.g., by Refs. [15, 21, 22]) that equality holds if and only if the initial state is an equally weighted superposition of exactly two eigenstates of H .”
From Kind of entanglement that speeds up quantum evolution (2012) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“All three approaches, therefore, have the common lower bound (2).”
From Kind of entanglement that speeds up quantum evolution (2012) · cites this paper as [22]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Separability Criterion for Density Matrices
Peres, A. (1996) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.77.1413 · Cited by 5,191
Quantum states with Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations admitting a hidden-variable model
Werner, R. F. (1989) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.40.4277 · Cited by 4,062
Quantum detection and estimation theory
Helstrom, C. W. (1969) · Journal of Statistical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01007479 · Cited by 3,776
Statistical distance and the geometry of quantum states
Braunstein, S. L., & Caves, C. M. (1994) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.72.3439 · Cited by 3,176
Quantum-Enhanced Measurements: Beating the Standard Quantum Limit
Giovannetti, V., Lloyd, S., & Maccone, L. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1104149 · Cited by 3,160
Quantum Detection and Estimation Theory
(1976) · Mathematics in Science and Engineering/Mathematics in science and engineering · doi:10.1016/s0076-5392(08)x6017-5 · Cited by 2,712
Kitagawa, M., & Ueda, M. (1993) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.47.5138 · Cited by 1,770
Atomic Coherent States in Quantum Optics
Arecchi, F. T., Courtens, E., Gilmore, R., & Thomas, H. (1972) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.6.2211 · Cited by 1,491
Squeezed atomic states and projection noise in spectroscopy
Wineland, D. J., Bollinger, J. J., Itano, W. M., & Heinzen, D. J. (1994) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.50.67 · Cited by 1,162
Experimental demonstration of a robust, high-fidelity geometric two ion-qubit phase gate
Leibfried, D., DeMarco, B., Meyer, V., Lucas, D., Barrett, M., Britton, J., Itano, W. M., Jelenković, B., Langer, C., Rosenband, T., et al. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01492 · Cited by 1,083
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- C. F. Roos, 2004, Nature (London), 304, 1478
- A. S. Holevo, 1982, Probabilistic and Statistical Aspect of Quantum Theory
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 865
Metrology using atoms in an array of double-well potentials
Hamza, D. A., & Chwedeńczuk, J. (2026) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/m3hx-1t2q · Cited by 1
Geometric Aspects of Entanglement
Simone, L. D., Capra, L., Vesperini, A., Rossi, L., Cairano, L. D., & Franzosi, R. (2026) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e28030299 · Cited by 1
Wang, Y.-H., & Zhang, D.-J. (2026) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-026-01216-z · Cited by 6
Thermodynamic uncertainty relations from the integral representation of quantum Fisher information
Meng, Y.-M., & Shi, Z.-Y. (2026) · SciPost Physics · doi:10.21468/scipostphys.20.6.177 · Cited by 1
Enhancing entanglement asymmetry in fragmented quantum systems
Gotta, L., Ares, F., & Murciano, S. (2026) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/lppm-48p3 · Cited by 1
Non-linear Interferometry Beyond the Standard Quantum Limit
Groß, C. (2012) · Springer theses · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25637-0_4 · Cited by 1
Phonon-induced Quantum Entanglement in Diamond Nanostructures
Xia, Q.-G., & Liu, L.-S. (2014) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-014-2050-8 · Cited by 1
Spin Squeezing for Superpositions of Dicke States
Hu, X.-X., & Guo-jin, H. (2013) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-013-1843-5 · Cited by 1
Spin Squeezing of a General 3-Qubit State
Li, S.-S., & Liu, Z.-Y. (2012) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-012-1148-0 · Cited by 1
Yi, X.-J. (2015) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-015-2576-4 · Cited by 1
Entanglement Dynamics in Lipkin Model
Xia, Q.-G., & Liu, L.-S. (2014) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-014-2426-9 · Cited by 1
Quantum Fisher Information and Phase Sensitivity in Various Initial States
Li, S.-S. (2014) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-014-2136-3 · Cited by 1
Entanglement in Bose-Einstein Condensates with One-Body Losses
Li, S.-S. (2017) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-017-3321-y · Cited by 1
Squeezing and entanglement in two-mode Bose–Einstein condensates
Li, S.-S. (2017) · International Journal of Quantum Information · doi:10.1142/s0219749917500460 · Cited by 1
Quantum Parameter Estimation: From Experimental Design to Constructive Algorithm*
Yang, L., Chen, X., Zhang, M., & Dai, H. (2017) · Communications in Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1088/0253-6102/68/5/641 · Cited by 1
Cooperatively enhanced precision of hybrid light-matter sensors
Niezgoda, A., Chwedeńczuk, J., Wasak, T., & Piazza, F. (2021) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.104.023315 · Cited by 3
Optimal estimation of gravitation with Kerr nonlinearity in an optomechanical system
Xiao, X., Liang, H., & Wang, X. (2020) · Quantum Information Processing · doi:10.1007/s11128-020-02924-x · Cited by 1
Anwar, S. J., Ramzan, M., Usman, M., & Khan, M. K. (2021) · Journal of Quantum Information Science · doi:10.4236/jqis.2021.111003 · Cited by 1
Iftikhar, M. T., Usman, M., & Khan, K. (2022) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-022-05021-0 · Cited by 1
Detecting spin nonclassicality via average skew information
Dai, H., & Luo, S. (2022) · The European Physical Journal Plus · doi:10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-02875-5 · Cited by 1
Quantum Entanglement of the Coupled Exciton-Photon System in the Semiconductor Microcavities
Hu, X.-X. (2022) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-022-05145-3 · Cited by 1
Optimizing Metrological Devices with Memory-Efficient Automatic Differentiation
Goerz, M. H., Carrasco, S. C., & Malinovsky, V. S. (2022) · Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition · doi:10.1364/quantum.2022.qw2a.12 · Cited by 1
Influence of gravitational waves on quantum multibody states
Yan, J., & Zhang, B. (2023) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.108.105015 · Cited by 1
Stronger Uncertainty Relations Based on Wigner-Yanase Skew Information with Refined Sequence
Xu, Z., & Guo, Q. (2023) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-023-05521-7 · Cited by 1
Sahil (2024) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/1402-4896/ad827e · Cited by 1
Towards scalable active steering protocols for genuinely entangled state manifolds
Morales, S., Pappalardi, S., & Egger, R. (2025) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023170 · Cited by 1
Squeezing Two Mean Field Modes of a Bose–Einstein Condensate
Groß, C. (2012) · Springer theses · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25637-0_3 · Cited by 1
Prefect Protection of Quantum-Enhanced Metrology from Dephasing Noise*
Zhong, W., Huang, Y., & Wang, X. (2017) · Communications in Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1088/0253-6102/67/4/383 · Cited by 1
Berrada, K., & Eleuch, H. (2017) · Laser Physics Letters · doi:10.1088/1612-202x/aa7ba7 · Cited by 1
Quantum Fisher information matrix for unitary processes: closed relation for SU(2)
Shemshadi, M. J., & Akhtarshenas, S. J. (2018) · Quantum Information Processing · doi:10.1007/s11128-018-2108-2 · Cited by 1
Quantum Fisher Information Gap for Systems with Nonlinear Hamiltonians*
Лю, Б., Huang, Y., & Wang, X. (2019) · Communications in Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1088/0253-6102/71/1/43 · Cited by 1
Lee, S.-Y., Bang, J., & Kim, J. (2019) · Quantum Information Processing · doi:10.1007/s11128-019-2379-2 · Cited by 1
Enhancement of the metrological sensitivity limit through knowledge of the average energy
Gessner, M. (2019) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.100.032114 · Cited by 1
Ultimate precision of direct tomography of wave functions
Nguyen, X.-H. T., & Choi, M. (2021) · Quantum Information Processing · doi:10.1007/s11128-021-03167-0 · Cited by 1
Many-Spin Entanglement in Multiple Quantum NMR with a Dipolar Ordered Initial State
Lazarev, I. D., & Fel’dman, E. B. (2020) · Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1134/s1063776120110059 · Cited by 1
Quantum Process Tomography on Cloud-accessible Quantum Computing Platforms
Ведруков, П. Е., Ivlev, A. D., Liniov, A., Meyerov, I. B., & Ivanchenko, M. (2024) · Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics · doi:10.1134/s1995080224010529 · Cited by 1
Multi-particle entanglement on an atom chip
Riedel, M. F. (2010) · Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics · doi:10.5282/edoc.12619 · Cited by 1
Experimental multi-photon entanglement and quantum enhanced metrology
Krischek, R. (2011) · doi:10.5282/edoc.13270 · Cited by 1
Multipartite entanglement in quantum phase transitionsPreprint
Gabbrielli, M. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1810.10537 · Cited by 1
Exploring quantum many-body systems from an entanglement and nonlocality perspective
López, A. A. (2020) · doi:10.5821/dissertation-2117-329273 · Cited by 1
Autopsy of a quantum electrical current
Roussel, B. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/446ed66dz6658z4babz9075zd9a6b1cd572c · Cited by 1
Baamara, Y., Sinatra, A., & Gessner, M. (2022) · Comptes Rendus Physique · doi:10.5802/crphys.103
Cohen, D., & Vardi, A. (2012) · Progress in optical science and photonics · doi:10.1007/10091_2012_2
Sánchez, O., & Beatriz, M. (2011) · Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)
Phase Sensitivity in Bose–Einstein Condensates
Huang, Y., & Li, W.-J. (2013) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-013-1528-0
Preparing Multi-photon Entangled State with Beam Splitter
Rong-hua, C., & Yi, H.-G. (2014) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-014-2169-7
Single-Particle Coherence and RMQFI in Two-Species BECs
Liu, D., & Liu, L.-S. (2013) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-013-1608-1
Phase Estimation Sensitivity in Two-Species Bose-Einstein Condensate
Chen, G., Liu, L.-S., & Rao, S. (2012) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-012-1283-7
Quantum Fisher Information of Superposition of Many-Body GHZ-Class State and W State
Jian, H., & Huang, G. (2011) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-011-0854-3
Controlling Many-Body Entanglement with an External Field
Lai, X.-B., & Bian, Z.-W. (2013) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-013-1546-y
Quantum Fisher Information of Superpositions with 3-Qubit Ghz-Class State and W State
Li, R. (2011) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-011-0799-6
Quantum Fisher Information of a Two Component Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Strong External Field
Yi, X.-J., & Wang, J.-M. (2011) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-010-0656-z
Generating Multi-particle Entangled State with Matter-Wave Interferometer
Liu, L.-S., & Xia, Q.-G. (2014) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-014-1998-8
Rong-hua, C., & Yi, H.-G. (2013) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-013-1497-3
Controlling Entanglement in Multi-Qubit System with an External Field
Liu, Z., & Gong, K.-H. (2013) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-013-1552-0
Multi-Photon Entanglement for Sub Shot-Noise Sensitivity
Schwemmer, C., Krischek, R., Wieczorek, W., Laskowski, W., Hyllus, P., Pezzè, L., Smerzi, A., & Weinfurter, H. (2012) · Research in Optical Sciences · doi:10.1364/qim.2012.qm1a.2
Self-citationPhase Sensitivity in Yurke-Like State
Zhu, H.-G., Huang, G., & Luo, C.-L. (2012) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-012-1236-1
Simple Scheme for Dynamical Preparation of Spin Squeezed State of Trapped Ions
Liu, D., & Chen, G. (2014) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-014-2186-6
Spin Squeezing, Entanglement and Quantum Metrology
Groß, C. (2012) · Springer theses · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25637-0_2
Entanglement and decoherence in many-body physics
Marzolino, U. (2010) · OpenstarTs (Univeristy of Trieste https://www.units.it/)
QUANTUM INTERFEROMETRY AT ZERO AND FINITE TEMPERATURE WITH TWO-MODE BOSONIC JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS
MAZZARELLA, G. (2012) · International Journal of Quantum Information · doi:10.1142/s0219749912410080
Phase Sensitivity and Entanglement of Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
Hu, X.-X. (2016) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-015-2911-9
Adiabatic Mach–Zehnder interferometer in a dipolar spin-1 condensate
Huang, Y., Guo, W., Hui, N.-J., & Hu, Z. (2017) · Annals of Physics · doi:10.1016/j.aop.2017.11.001
Quantum Entanglement and Spin Squeezing of Two Species Bose-Einstein Condensates
Li, S.-S. (2016) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-016-3009-8
Phase sensitivity in deformed-state superposition considering nonlinear phase shifts
Berrada, K. (2016) · Laser Physics · doi:10.1088/1054-660x/26/7/075201
Protecting Spin Squeezing with Square Noise
Zhang, J., Zhang, Y.-C., Wu, S., Li, X., Lu, W., Chen, H., & Zheng, C. (2016) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-016-3194-5
Yi, X.-J. (2016) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-016-3253-y
The Effect of Vacuum Fluctuations on Quantum Metrology for a Uniformly Accelerated Atom
Jin, Y. (2016) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-016-3232-3
R�nyi Quantum Conditional Mutual Information and Parity Quantum Optical Metrology
Seshadreesan, K. P. (2015) · Louisiana State University · doi:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.2590
Information via parallel and antiparallel quantum states
Song, H. (2017) · Chinese Control Conference (CCC) · doi:10.23919/chicc.2017.8028918
Entanglement Properties of the Kerr-Down Conversion System
Jian, S. (2018) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-018-3680-z
Quantum Entanglement in Two Mode Bose-Einstein Condensate
Mao, Y.-L. (2018) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-018-3795-2
Jin, Y. (2018) · Quantum Information Processing · doi:10.1007/s11128-018-2015-6
Probing Nonclassicality of Two-Mode SU(2) Generator Based on Quantum Fisher Information*
张, D. 丹. Z., Zheng, Q., & Wang, X. (2018) · Communications in Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1088/0253-6102/70/5/552
Witnessing entanglement with nonlocal operation
Li, W. (2019) · Quantum Information and Measurement (QIM) · doi:10.1364/qim.2019.f5a.81
Improving Quantum Metrology via Purifying and Distilling Noisy Probe States
Zhao, J., Kong, F., Chu, W., Yang, M., & Cao, Z. (2019) · Annalen der Physik · doi:10.1002/andp.201900050
The origin of the spooky behavior of quantum particles: Time reversal
Wang, J. T., Kan, A. X., & Fan, J. D. (2019) · Modern Physics Letters A · doi:10.1142/s0217732319501992
Quantum Information Approaches to Quantum GravityPreprint
Cresswell, J. C. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1909.13347
Quantum-enhanced Phase Estimation in Optical Interferometry
Sahota, J. (2017) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Quantum Fisher Information of Two Moving Four-Level Atoms
Anwar, S. J., Usman, M., Ramzan, M. A., & Khan, M. (2020) · Journal of Russian Laser Research · doi:10.1007/s10946-020-09880-y
Influence of noice on tripartite quantum probe state
Jun-Long, Z., Yi-Dan, Z., & Ming, Y. (2018) · Acta Physica Sinica · doi:10.7498/aps.67.20180040
Quantum enhanced matter-wave gravimetry
Kritsotakis, M. (2021) · Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex)
Fadel, M. (2021) · Quantum science and technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85472-0_4
Linnemann, D. (2018) · Springer theses · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96008-1_1
(2022) · SciPost Physics Core · doi:10.21468/scipost.report.4234
(2022) · SciPost Physics Core · doi:10.21468/scipost.report.4140
(2022) · SciPost Physics Core · doi:10.21468/scipost.report.4816
(2022) · SciPost Physics Core · doi:10.21468/scipost.report.4635
Multipartite Entangled States in Dipolar Quantum Simulators
Comparin, T., Mezzacapo, F., & Roscilde, T. (2022) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.129.150503
Stochastic parameter-shift rule for quantum metrology with general HamiltoniansPreprint
Ho, L. B. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1705991/v1
Influence of multiphoton events on the quantum enhanced phase estimation
Zhang, M., Huang, L., Liu, Y., Zhao, W., & Wang, W. (2022) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.468727
Block-wise correlations in quantum evolutionary system with pure initial state
Doronin, S. I., Fel’dman, E. B., & Zenchuk, A. I. (2023) · Quantum Information Processing · doi:10.1007/s11128-023-03933-2
Quantum Fisher information of multi-qubit WV entangled state under Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model
Li, Y., & Ren, Z. (2023) · Acta Physica Sinica · doi:10.7498/aps.72.20231179
Dynamics Reflects Quantum Phase Transition of Rabi Model
Li, M., Wang, Y., Song, Z., Zhao, Y., Zhao, X., & Ma, H. (2023) · Photonics · doi:10.3390/photonics10111184
Comparin, T., Mezzacapo, F., & Roscilde, T. (2022) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.5993008
Quantum Fisher information power of quantum evolutions
Zhao, J., Zhou, Y., Chen, D., Su, Q.-P., Zong, X.-L., Wu, Q., Yang, M., & Yang, C. (2024) · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical · doi:10.1088/1751-8121/ad5524
Li, J., Feng, X. N., He, D., Hu, W. Y., Song, H., & Wei, L. F. (2024) · Optics Continuum · doi:10.1364/optcon.524553
Random matrix theory approach to quantum Fisher information in quantum ergodic systems
Pavlov, V. P., Chorbadzhiyska, Y. R., Nation, C., Porras, D., & Ivanov, P. A. (2024) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.110.024135
Two-stroke thermal machine using spin squeezing operation
Vieira, C. H. S., & Santos, J. F. G. (2024) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2024.130296
Metadata
- Authors
- Pezzé, L., & Smerzi, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Trento (IT)
- ORCID
- Smerzi, Augusto
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2009-03-10
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 100401-100401
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W2025363053
- Cited by
- 880
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 36.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Keywords
- quantum Fisher information, multipartite entanglement, Heisenberg limit, quantum metrology, nonlinear dynamics, entanglement generation, Bose-Einstein condensate, trapped ions, quantum sensing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
