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Cited by 559Semiconductor Quantum Structures and DevicesQuantum Information and CryptographyQuantum optics and atomic interactions

On-demand semiconductor single-photon source with near-unity indistinguishability

Open access
He, Yu-Ming, He, Yu, Wei, Yu-Jia, Wu, Dian, Atatüre, Mete, Schneider, Christian, Höfling, Sven, Kamp, Martin +2 more·2013·Nature Nanotechnology
DOI 10.1038/nnano.2012.262
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Abstract

Single-photon sources based on semiconductor quantum dots offer distinct advantages for quantum information, including a scalable solid-state platform, ultrabrightness and interconnectivity with matter qubits. A key prerequisite for their use in optical quantum computing and solid-state networks is a high level of efficiency and indistinguishability. Pulsed resonance fluorescence has been anticipated as the optimum condition for the deterministic generation of high-quality photons with vanishing effects of dephasing. Here, we generate pulsed single photons on demand from a single, microcavity-embedded quantum dot under s-shell excitation with 3 ps laser pulses. The π pulse-excited resonance-fluorescence photons have less than 0.3% background contribution and a vanishing two-photon emission probability. Non-postselective Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between two successively emitted photons is observed with a visibility of 0.97(2), comparable to trapped atoms and ions. Two single photons are further used to implement a high-fidelity quantum controlled-NOT gate.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

Pulsed resonant s-shell excitation of a microcavity-embedded InGaAs quantum dot generated on-demand single photons with near-unity indistinguishability. The authors observed non-postselective Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with corrected visibility 0.97(2) and used two such photons to implement a quantum controlled-NOT gate.

Key findings

  • π-pulse excited resonance-fluorescence photons had less than 0.3% background contributions and anti-bunching of g²(0) = 0.012(2).
  • Non-postselective HOM interference between two successively emitted photons separated by 2 ns showed raw visibility 0.91(2) and corrected visibility 0.97(2).
  • The overall RF collection efficiency was ∼1.3%, with ∼6% of photons emitted by the QD collected into the first lens after correcting for setup losses.
  • A photonic CNOT gate was demonstrated with fidelities F_zz = 0.85(6) and F_xx = 0.85(7), giving process fidelity bounds 0.70(9) ≤ F_proc ≤ 0.85(7).

Methods

  • Experiments used self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots embedded in a planar microcavity, cooled to 4.2 K, with confocal microscopy and cross-polarization to suppress scattered laser light.
  • The QD was resonantly excited at the s-shell with 3-ps laser pulses at ∼82 MHz; Rabi oscillations, second-order correlations, and high-resolution spectra were measured.
  • Two-photon interference used an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer with 2-ns path-length difference; the CNOT gate used polarization-encoded photons and partial polarizing beam splitters, evaluated with Hofmann’s complementary-fidelity method.

Limitations

  • The paper states that photon extraction efficiency is a critical issue: overall collection efficiency was only 1.3%, and it “needs to be drastically improved” for a deterministic single-photon source.
  • The paper notes that spectral diffusion and pure dephasing, while not affecting the present 2-ns-separated photons, will limit indistinguishability for photons from independent QDs; gate-controlled QDs or spectral filtering may be needed.
  • The text also states that the current work focuses only on the π-pulse regime, and excitation-induced damping of Rabi oscillations is visible at higher powers.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nnano.2012.262

Cites

62 of 62 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 30 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data
    § On-demand semiconductor single-photon source with near-unity indistinguishability

    Pulsed resonance fluorescence single photons were generated on demand from a single microcavity-embedded quantum dot under s-shell excitation with 3-ps laser pulses.

    “Here, we generate pulsed RF single photons on demand from a single, microcavity-embedded quantum dot under s-shell excitation with 3-ps laser pulses.”
    • Also stated in: § On-demand semiconductor single-photon source with near-unity indistinguishability · plain
      “In this Article, by applying resonant s-shell optical excitation with picosecond laser pulses, we generate pulsed RF single photons on demand from a single QD embedded in a planar microcavity.”
    • Also stated in: § Conclusion and outlook · boosted
      “In this work, we have demonstrated the on-demand generation of near background-free (∼99.7% purity) and highly indistinguishable RF single photons, from a quantum dot in a planar microcavity driven by resonant π pulses.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Passing the resonance fluorescence through an etalon improved the signal-to-background ratio from 20 to 357 at π-pulse excitation.

    “This results in a clean RF spectrum as shown in the inset of Fig. 2a, with an improvement of the signal to background (including the detector dark counts) ratio from 20 to 357 at π-pulse excitation.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data
    § On-demand semiconductor single-photon source with near-unity indistinguishability

    Under π-pulse excitation, the second-order correlation at zero delay is g2(0) = 0.012(2).

    “show an anti-bunching of g 2 (0) = 0.012(2).”
    • Also stated in: § Pulsed resonance fluorescence · boosted
      “At zero delay, it shows a clear anti-bunching with a vanishing multi-photon probability of g 2 (0) = 0.012 (2).”
    • Also stated in: § Pulsed resonance fluorescence · plain
      “The second-order correlation g 2 (0) = 0.012(2) is calculated from the integrated photons counts in the zero time delay peak divided by the average of the adjacent six peaks”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingreasoning

    The full quantum process fidelity Fproc of the controlled-NOT gate is bounded by 0.70(9) ≤ Fproc ≤ 0.85(7).

    “Thus, here we have 0.70(9) F proc 0.85 (7).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [50] Fattal, D., Diamanti, E., Inoue, K. & Yamamoto, Y. Quantum teleportation with a quantum dot single photon source. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 037904 (2004). source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Findingown data
    § On-demand semiconductor single-photon source with near-unity indistinguishability

    The raw two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel interference visibility is 0.91(2).

    “raw visibility of 0.91(2)”
    • Also stated in: § Two-photon quantum interference · plain
      “This corresponds to a raw two-photon HOM interference visibility of 0.91(2).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 15
  • May combine two claims. 14
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 1

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The inhomogeneous linewidth varies for different quantum dots and typically increases at larger excitation power.

    “The inhomogeneous linewidth varies for different QDs and typically shows an increase at larger excitation power (see Fig. S3), which is in qualitative agreement with previous investigations of light-induced spectral diffusion [7].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [7] Shields, A. J. Semiconductor quantum light sources. Nature Photon. 1, 215–223 (2007). source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    For distinguishable photons with different polarization, the expected peak-area ratio is 1:2:2:2:1, in good agreement with the measured data.

    “For distinguishable photons with different polarization, the expected peak-area ratio equals 1:2:2:2:1, which is in good agreement with Fig. 3b.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The coherence time T2 fitted from CW RF spectra at P0 is closest to radiative-lifetime limited, with T2/2T1 = 0.93(6), where T1 is the exciton lifetime measured separately as 390(10) ps using time-resolved pulsed RF.

    “The coherence time T 2 fitted (using the corrected Eqn.(1) from ref. [4]) from the CW RF spectra at P 0 is closest to being radiative lifetime limited: T 2 /2T 1 =0.93(6),where T 1 is the exciton lifetime which is measured separately to be of 390(10)ps using time-resolved pulsed RF.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [4] Kimble, H. J. The quantum internet. Nature 453, 1023–1030 (2008). source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    A fine-structure splitting of ∼2.3 GHz is visible from the spectra.

    “A fine-structure splitting of ∼ 2.3GHz is visible from the spectra.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Due to the limited time response, the five peaks have finite overlaps.

    “Due to the limited time response, the five peaks have finite overlaps.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    HOM interference tested with π, 0.72π, and 0.41π pulse excitation, where RF counts reach ∼100%, ∼90%, and ∼60% saturation, shows raw visibilities of 0.903(55), 0.912(56), and 0.934(39), respectively.

    “The HOM interference are tested with π, 0.72π and 0.41π pulse excitation where the RF counts reach ∼ 100%, ∼ 90% and ∼ 60% saturation level, and show raw visibilities of 0.903(55), 0.912(56) and 0.934 (39), respectively (see Fig. 4(c-h)).”
    • Also stated in: § HOM interference at different excitation power · plain
      “The HOM interference are tested with π, 0.72π and 0.41π pulse excitation where the RF counts reach ∼ 100%, ∼ 90% and ∼ 60% saturation level, and show raw visibilities of 0.903(55), 0.912(56) and 0.934(39), respectively (see Fig.4(c-h)).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The excitation laser profile is much broader than the RF signal, enabling a second-stage of background filtering based on frequency which is not possible in the CW case.

    “The excitation laser profile (fitted by the red line) is much broader than the RF signal, enabling a second-stage of background filtering based on frequency (see text) which is not possible in the CW case.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Clusters of five peaks appear periodically with repetition period of ∼12.2 ns.

    “Clusters of five peaks appear periodically with repetition period of ∼12.2 ns.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    The controlled-NOT gate's process fidelity Fproc surpasses the threshold of 0.5, which is sufficient to confirm the gate's entangling capability.

    “Here, the F proc well surpasses the the threshold of 0.5, which is sufficient to confirm the entangling capability of our CNOT gate.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [50] Fattal, D., Diamanti, E., Inoue, K. & Yamamoto, Y. Quantum teleportation with a quantum dot single photon source. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 037904 (2004). source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    Spectral diffusion should happen at a time scale much longer than the 2-ns separation, consistent with previous experiments.

    “The spectral diffusion (as shown in Fig. 2c) should also happen at a time scale much longer than the 2-ns separation, which is consistent with previous experiments [5,7,15,40].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked
    • cites [5] Hong, C. K., Ou, Z. Y. & Mandel, L. Measurement of subpicosecond time intervals between two photons by interference. Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2044–2046 (1987). source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [7] Shields, A. J. Semiconductor quantum light sources. Nature Photon. 1, 215–223 (2007). source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [15] Santori, C., Fattal, D., Vuckovic, J., Solomon, G. & Yamamoto, Y. Indistinguishable photons from a single-photon device. Nature 419, 594–597 (2002). source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [40] Kuhn, A., Hennrich, M. & Rempe, G. Deterministic single-photon source for distributed quantum networking. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 067901 (2002). source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The pure dephasing time T*2 = 5.7 ∞ 3.8 ns is considerably larger than 2 ns and thus should have little effect on the visibility.

    “The pure dephasing time T * 2 =5.7 ∞ 3.8 ns is considerably larger than the 2ns and thus should have little effect on the visibility.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The high-visibility results indicate a reduction of fast dephasing and an elimination of emission time jitter associated with pulsed resonance fluorescence, compared to previous incoherent excitation methods.

    “The high-visibility results indicate a reduction of the fast dephasing and an elimination of the emission time jitter associated with the pulsed RF, compared to the previous incoherent excitation methods.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Interpretationown data
    § On-demand semiconductor single-photon source with near-unity indistinguishability

    The Hong-Ou-Mandel interference visibility of 0.97(2) is comparable to that of trapped atoms and ions.

    “comparable to trapped atoms and ions.”
    • Also stated in: § Two-photon quantum interference · boosted
      “These results demonstrate that the solid-state pulsed RF single photons in quick succession are highly indistinguishable to a level comparable to the best results from those welldeveloped systems such as parametric down-conversion [1], trapped atoms and ions [41][42][43][44].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [1] Pan, J-W. et al. Multi-photon entanglement and interferometry. Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 777–838 (2012). source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [41][42][43][44]

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    The performance of the quantum controlled-NOT gate was evaluated using an efficient method proposed by Hofmann.

    “We experimentally evaluate the performance of the quantum CNOT gate using an efficient method proposed by Hofmann [50].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [50] Fattal, D., Diamanti, E., Inoue, K. & Yamamoto, Y. Quantum teleportation with a quantum dot single photon source. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 037904 (2004). source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The process fidelity is directly related to the quantum entangling capability of the controlled-NOT gate; the gate can produce entangled states from unentangled input states.

    “The process fidelity is directly related to the quantum entangling capability of the CNOT gate, that is, the CNOT gate can produce entangled states from unentangled input states [50].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [50] Fattal, D., Diamanti, E., Inoue, K. & Yamamoto, Y. Quantum teleportation with a quantum dot single photon source. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 037904 (2004). source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § On-demand semiconductor single-photon source with near-unity indistinguishability

    Quantum dots are attractive solid-state devices because they can be embedded in high-quality nanostructure cavities and waveguides to generate ultra-bright sources of single and entangled photons, provide a light-matter interface, and can in principle be scaled to large quantum networks.

    “Among different types of single-photon emitters [6,7], quantum dots (QDs) are attractive solid-state devices since they can be embedded in high-quality nanostructure cavities and waveguides to generate ultra-bright sources of single and entangled photons [7][8][9][10].QDs also provide a light-matter interface [11][12][13] and can in principle be scaled to large quantum networks [14].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [7][8][9][10]

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [11][12][13]

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [14] Yao, W., Liu, R. B. & Sham, L. J. Theory of control of the spin–photon interface for quantum networks. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 030504 (2005). source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The error on the second-order correlation g2(0) is deduced from propagated Poissonian counting statistics of the raw detection events.

    “its error (0.002) which denotes one standard deviation, is deduced from propagated Poissonian counting statistics of the raw detection events.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    The microscope was operated in a cross-polarization configuration that extinguished the scattered laser by a factor exceeding 10^6.

    “The microscope is operated in a crosspolarization configuration, whereby a polarizer is placed in the collection arm with its polarization perpendicular to the excitation light, extinguishing the scattered laser by a factor exceeding 10 6 .”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The controlled-NOT gate was tested in both the computational basis (ZZ) and its linear superpositions (XX).

    “To show the quantum behaviour of the CNOT gate, it is tested for different combinations of input-output states using complementary bases, that is, in both the computational basis (|0 / |1 ) and their linear superpositions (|± = (1/ √ 2)(|0 ± |1 )), which are refereed to as the ZZ and XX basis using the Pauli matrix language respectively.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation
    § On-demand semiconductor single-photon source with near-unity indistinguishability

    Earlier experiments have used pulsed resonant excitation to demonstrate Rabi oscillation, a hallmark for quantum optics.

    “Earlier experiments [21,32] have used pulsed resonant excitation to demonstrate Rabi oscillation, a hallmark for quantum optics.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [21] Muller, A. et al. Resonance fluorescence from a coherently driven semiconductor quantum dot in a cavity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 187402 (2007). source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [32] Melet, R. et al. Resonant excitonic emission of a single quantum dot in the Rabi regime. Phys. Rev. B 78, 073301 (2008). source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § On-demand semiconductor single-photon source with near-unity indistinguishability

    Pulsed and resonant s-shell excitation has been anticipated to remedy the problems of incoherent and continuous-wave excitation and enable deterministic generation of time-tagged, highly indistinguishable single photons.

    “It has been anticipated [6,[17][18][19]25] that pulsed and resonant s-shell excitation could remedy the above problems and be used for deterministic generation of timetagged, highly indistinguishable single photons.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [6,[17][18][19]25]

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The true resonant, time-jitter-free, pulsed RF technique developed here has no such limitation and can be fully compatible with large Purcell factors to be implemented in the future.

    “We emphasize that the true resonant, time-jitterfree, pulsed RF technique developed here has no such limitation and can be fully compatible with large Purcell factors to be implemented in the future.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    All the data reported are raw data without subtraction of background or smoothing.

    “All the data reported are raw data without subtraction of background or smoothing.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The lasers are power stabilized with less than 4% fluctuation.

    “The lasers are power stabilized (< 4% fluctuation) and focused on the QD sample with an aspheric objective lens (NA=0.68)placed inside a cryogenic-free cryostat (Attodry1000).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationcitation

    The increase in ω_G at larger excitation power is in qualitative agreement with previous investigations of light-induced spectral diffusion.

    “As plotted in the inset of Fig. S3, the ω G shows a increase at larger excitation power, which is in qualitative agreement with previous investigations of light-induced spectral diffusion [7].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [7] Shields, A. J. Semiconductor quantum light sources. Nature Photon. 1, 215–223 (2007). source

      Not checked in the free run.

25 of 25

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The independently measured optical imperfections and residual two-photon emission probability account for all factors that reduce the Hong-Ou-Mandel visibility from unity.

    “Taking into account the residual two-photon emission probability g 2 (0) = 0.012(2), and the optical imperfections of our interferometric setup which are independently measured, R/T = 1.01 and (1 -ε) = 0.98, where R, T are the reflectivity and transmitivity of the beam splitter and (1 -ε) is the first-order interference visibility of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer tested with a CW laser, we obt”
1 of 1

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In the previous demonstration of eight-photon entanglement, sources of triggered single photons were generated with a count rate of 310000/sec, multiphoton emission probability of 2.9%, raw indistinguishability of 76%, under laser pump power of 880 mW.

    “In the previous demonstration of the largest, eight-photon entanglement [28], sources of triggered single photons were generated with a count rate of 310000= sec, multiphoton emission probability of 2.9% and raw indistinguishablility of 76%, under a laser pump power of 880 mW.”

    From On-Demand Single Photons with High Extraction Efficiency and Near-Unity Indistinguishability from a Resonantly Driven Quantum Dot in a Micropillar (2016) · cites this paper as [28]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Figure S3 is identified as two different measurements

    Minor

    The text directs readers to Fig. S3 for a high-resolution spectrum, but the supplied Fig. S3 caption identifies it as a spontaneous-emission-lifetime measurement.

  • Hofmann method is attributed to the wrong numbered reference

    Minor

    The text attributes the gate-evaluation method to Hofmann [50], but reference 50 is by Pooley and colleagues; the Hofmann paper is reference 51.

  • Figure S4 is identified as both a histogram and a spectrum

    Minor

    The supplementary text says Fig. S4a-b contains full HOM histograms, whereas the supplied Fig. S4 caption describes a high-resolution RF spectrum.

  • Exciton lifetime is reported in conflicting units

    Minor

    The main text gives the lifetime as 0.41 ps, while the supplementary caption reports a 416 ps decay time for the same QD1 measurement-a factor of about 1,000 difference.

4 of 4

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Authors
He, Y.-M., He, Y., Wei, Y.-J., Wu, D., Atatüre, M., Schneider, C., Höfling, S., Kamp, M., Lu, C.-Y., & Pan, J.-W.
Affiliations
  • University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
  • University of Würzburg (DE)
Corresponding author
  • Höfling, Sven
  • Lu, Chao-Yang
  • Pan, Jian-Wei
ORCID
Venue
Nature Nanotechnology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2013-02-03
Volume
8
Issue
3
Pages
213-217
ISSN
  • 1748-3387 (ISSN-L)
  • 1748-3395
DOI
10.1038/nnano.2012.262
OpenAlex
W1990286022
Semantic Scholar
451edc5ed345cbd2cd7763b2e06b37ed89217c6d
Cited by
559
References
62
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 15
FWCI
29.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Nature Nanotechnology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (2011CB921300, 2013CB933300)
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences (2011CB921300)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum optics and atomic interactions
Keywords
single-photon sources, semiconductor quantum dots, indistinguishability, Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, CNOT gate, optical quantum computing
MeSH terms
Fluorescence, Lasers, Light, Photons, Quantum Dots

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