The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Entropy Evaporated by a Black Hole
Abstract
It is shown that the entropy of the radiation evaporated by an uncharged, nonrotating black hole into vacuum in the course of its lifetime is approximately $\frac{4}{3}$ times the initial entropy of this black hole. Also considered is a thermodynamically reversible process in which an increase of black-hole entropy is equal to the decrease of the entropy of its surroundings. Implications of these results for the generalized second law of thermodynamics and for the interpretation of black-hole entropy are pointed out.
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“For the evaporating black hole the Page time comes out to be 1/3 of the black hole lifetime. This fits with the following simple reasoning [33]. Radiating into a cold surrounding space is an irreversible process and the entropy of the radiation grows at twice the evaporation rate of the black hole.”
From Page curve for an evaporating black hole (2020) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“From the above, one sees that the matter entropy rises twice as fast as the black hole entropy decreases, which is no coincidence (Zurek 1982; Fiola et al. 1994).”
From Solvable models of quantum black holes: a review on Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity (2023) · cites this paper as Zurek 1982
In the citing paper
“In fact, the numerical results indicate that S = κ 1 log( MR )+ κ 2 log( µR ) in one dimension; for the first time, we see a dependence on the infrared cutoff µ [6].”
From Entropy and area (1993) · cites this paper as [6]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zurek, W. H.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zurek, W. H.
- ORCID
- Zurek, W. H.
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1982-12-06
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 1683-1686
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2053923400
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect
- Keywords
- black hole entropy, black hole evaporation, Hawking radiation, entropy loss, generalized second law of thermodynamics, black hole thermodynamics
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