The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 6 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
String-Generated Gravity Models
Abstract
Expansion of supersymmetric string theory suggests that the leading quadratic curvature correction to the Einstein action is the Gauss-Bonnet invariant. We show that this model has both flat and anti-de Sitter space as solutions, but that the cosmological branch is unstable, because the graviton becomes a ghost there: The theory solves its own cosmological problem. The general static spherically symmetric solution is exhibited; it is asymptotically Schwarzschild. The sign of the Gauss-Bonnet coefficient determines whether there is a normal event horizon (for the string-generated sign) or a naked singularity. We discuss the effects of higher-curvature corrections and of an explicit cosmological term on stability.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
The paper analyzes the effective gravity theory given by the Einstein action plus the leading quadratic curvature correction, the Gauss-Bonnet invariant, suggested by supersymmetric string expansion. It finds that the asymptotically flat branch is viable, while the anti-de Sitter cosmological branch is unstable because the graviton becomes a ghost.
Key findings
- The Gauss-Bonnet combination is the only quadratic curvature term that avoids ghosts near flat space; the model has both flat and anti-de Sitter solutions, with positive Gauss-Bonnet coefficient corresponding to anti-de Sitter space.
- The anti-de Sitter branch is intrinsically unstable: its graviton excitations are ghosts, and a positive-energy matter source leads to a negative-mass Schwarzschild–anti-de Sitter solution in which test particles are repelled.
- The general static spherically symmetric solution is exhibited and is asymptotically Schwarzschild; the sign of the Gauss-Bonnet coefficient determines whether there is a normal event horizon (for the string-generated sign) or a naked singularity.
- With an explicit cosmological term, the effective cosmological constant is shifted; the larger value is unstable and the lower one stable, and if \(4\Lambda\kappa^2 > n(n+1)\) the theory is undefined. For \(D=5\), horizon existence depends on whether \(2GM-\kappa\) is positive.
Methods
- Theoretical analysis of the effective action in \(D=n+2\) dimensions, combining the Einstein term with the Gauss-Bonnet invariant, using form/vielbein methods and field equations.
- The paper studies small perturbations about flat and anti-de Sitter backgrounds to identify ghost behavior, and derives general static spherically symmetric solutions in Schwarzschild gauge.
- It also examines the effects of an explicit cosmological term and discusses higher-curvature corrections qualitatively; no empirical data or numerical simulations are used.
Limitations
- The paper states that unresolved matters include the effect of compactification on the \(D>4\) constructions, the role of scalar and antisymmetric tensor fields and the Chern-Simons term, the canonical formulation, and a broader understanding of allowed classical geometries.
- It states that higher-order questions are too early to speculate on, and that the scalar field neglected in the analysis will play a role in these questions.
- It also notes that it has not considered whether semiclassical tunneling modifications occur through the existence of two branches of solutions. Evident from the text: the study is a classical effective-field-theory analysis, not a full string-theoretic treatment.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 of 6 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(For example, a cubic Gauss-Bonnet term with γ2 > α²κ/4 yields no real roots and hence no cosmological branch.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The sign of the Gauss-Bonnet coefficient determines whether there is a normal event horizon (for the stringgenerated sign) or a naked singularity.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“because the graviton becomes a ghost there”
- Also stated in: § S. Deser · plain
“small excitations near the anti-de Sitter branch of the Einstein plus Gauss-Bonnet theory are precisely those of ghost cosmological Einstein gravity.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § S. Deser · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We show that this model has both flat and anti-de Sitter space as solutions”
- Also stated in: § S. Deser · plain
“They are solved by the maximally symmetric spaces”
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § S. Deser · plain
In the paper
“The plane-fronted parallel-ray metric,10 although globally singular, is the nearest thing to a graviton in the Einstein theory; it remains a solution here.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The general static spherically symmetric solution is exhibited; it is asymptotically Schwarzschild.”
- Also stated in: § S. Deser · plain
“i.e., Schwarzschild with positive gravitational mass or Schwarzschild-de Sitter with negative gravitational mass”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § S. Deser · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Note that if 4Λκ² is greater than n (n + 1) the theory is undefined.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear? Based: unclearThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although Einstein (G Gµuv = 0) spaces are not generally solutions of (2)”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“but that the cosmological branch is unstable”
- Also stated in: § S. Deser · plain
“these solutions turn out to be intrinsically unstable”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § S. Deser · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Expansion of supersymmetric string theory suggests that the leading quadratic curvature correction to the Einstein action is the Gauss-Bonnet invariant.”
- Also stated in: § S. Deser · hedged
“If, like the string itself, its slope expansion is to be ghost free, the quadratic term, if any, must be the Gauss-Bonnet combination, which was first proposed² for this reason and appears to be present³ in the heterotic string.4”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § S. Deser · hedged
- It may state two separate claims as one. 10
- Probably not a substantial claim. 1
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These will in general lead to ghosts near flat space (hµv≡ gμv- ηµv << 1) since their metric variations involve fourth time derivatives. By contrast, I2 only contributes terms quadratic in hμv in the field equations”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For if α were negative, the metric would become imaginary at rⁿ+1 = 8||κMG. This is a real singularity, since the curvature invariants have branch singularities there; furthermore the singularity is naked when, as is possible, it occurs outside the event horizon, goo(rH) = 0.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the larger value will be unstable, the lower one stable.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Following our discussion of the quadratic case, λ will be determined by a polynomial equation, f(λ) =λ(1 +ακλ +γ₂λ²κ+ ·.·)=0, where the γ are essentially the coefficients of the higher terms.”
- Also stated in: § S. Deser · hedged
“To the extent that there are real roots, the slopes at the intercepts will have alternating signs and therefore the perand one should consider also generic turbations δG μα will appear with both signs.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § S. Deser · hedged
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“underlines the fact that the Gauss-Bonnet term does not affect the propagator, and in particular does not distort plane-wave solutions.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedSingle caseTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“despite being quadratic in curvature, the action depends only on first time derivatives; hence the number of degrees of freedom is the same as in Einstein gravity, and only the definition of the canonical momentum will change.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For D = 5, the existence of a horizon depends on whether 2GM — κ is positive, which is the case for macroscopic masses. Otherwise, there is a naked conical singularity at the origin.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Near flat space, we simply recover the ordinary graviton,”
- Also stated in: § S. Deser · plain
“There is no contribution from the Gauss-Bonnet term because the background curvature vanishes.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § S. Deser · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We also noted that cubic or higher corrections will only reinforce the unique physically acceptable nature of the asymptotically flat branch, since they imply unavoidable ghosts in the anti-de Sitter branch.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“What we expect here is that the total energy will be positive for the asymptotically flat solutions, but not for the anti-de Sitter branch.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the value of rH at which the horizon occurs differs from the Einstein one, the qualitative properties of the geometry are identical. The usual Kruskal completion procedure goes through just as in Schwarzschild, and Hawking radiation will still be present.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Lovelock theories admit static, maximally symmetric black hole solutions with metric of the form [14-17] Σ = -+ + ds f r dt f r dr r d ( ) ( ) , (5.1) 2 2 1 2 2 2”
From Causality and hyperbolicity of Lovelock theories (2014) · cites this paper as [14]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
The negative-mass branch is called both de Sitter and anti-de Sitter
MinorThe paper consistently identifies the cosmological branch as anti-de Sitter, including when describing its negative-mass solution, but calls the same asymptotic solution Schwarzschild-de Sitter here.
“i.e., Schwarzschild with positive gravitational mass or Schwarzschild-de Sitter with negative gravitational mass”
“a positive-energy matter source Tµν leads to a negative-mass Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter solution”
Citations
Cites
The Einstein Tensor and Its Generalizations
Lovelock, D. (1971) · Journal of Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1665613 · Cited by 2,945
Gross, D. J., Harvey, J. A., Martinec, E. J., & Rohm, R. (1985) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.54.502 · Cited by 1,603
Curvature squared terms and string theories
Zwiebach, B. (1985) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(85)91616-8 · Cited by 1,455
Heterotic string theory (I). The free heterotic string
Gross, D. J., Harvey, J. A., Martinec, E. J., & Rohm, R. (1985) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(85)90394-3 · Cited by 1,319
Stability of gravity with a cosmological constant
Abbott, L. F., & Deser, S. (1982) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(82)90049-9 · Cited by 1,075
Self-citationUnified Geometric Theory of Gravity and Supergravity
MacDowell, S. W., & Mansouri, F. (1977) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.38.739 · Cited by 737
Infinity cancellations in SO(32) superstring theory
Green, M., & Schwarz, J. H. (1985) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(85)90816-0 · Cited by 385
The positivity of gravitational energy and global supersymmetry
HULL, C. M. (1983) · Communications in Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01216185 · Cited by 81
Witten's expression for gravitational energy
Horowitz, G. T., & Strominger, A. (1983) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.27.2793 · Cited by 31
Positive classical gravitational energy from classical supergravity
Deser, S. (1983) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.27.2805 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- M. B. Green, 1984, Phys. Lett., 149B, 177
- B. Zwiebach, 1985, Symposium on Anomalies
- R. Nepomechie, Phys. Rev. D
- S. Deser, Proceedings of the Workshop on Supersymmetry and its Applications, Cambridge, 1985
- J. Ehlers, 1962, Gravitation
- D. G. Boulware, Quantum Field Theory and Quantum Statistics
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 1,577
Exact EGB models for spherical static perfect fluids
Hansraj, S., Chilambwe, B., & Maharaj, S. D. (2015) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3504-8 · Cited by 83
Serendipitous discoveries in nonlocal gravity theory
Barvinsky, A. O. (2012) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.85.104018 · Cited by 83
Gauss–Bonnet black holes and holographic heat engines beyond large N
Johnson, C. V. (2016) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/33/21/215009 · Cited by 91
Thermodynamical first laws of black holes in quadratically-extended gravities
Fan, Z.-Y., & Lü, H. (2015) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.91.064009 · Cited by 83
Charmousis, C., Goutéraux, B., & KIRITSIS, E. B. (2012) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep09(2012)011 · Cited by 83
Myers, R. C., Pourhasan, R., & Smolkin, M. (2013) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep06(2013)013 · Cited by 86
Black holes with cloud of strings and quintessence in Lovelock gravity
Toledo, J. M., & Bezerra, V. B. (2018) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6001-z · Cited by 83
Exact barotropic distributions in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Maharaj, S. D., Chilambwe, B., & Hansraj, S. (2015) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.91.084049 · Cited by 82
Mišković, O., & Rodrigo Olea, A. (2011) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.83.024011 · Cited by 82
Black hole solutions in R 2 gravity
Kehagias, A., Kounnas, C., Lüst, D., & Riotto, A. W. (2015) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep05(2015)143 · Cited by 82
String Inspired Brane World Cosmology
Germani, C., & Sopuerta, C. F. (2002) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.88.231101 · Cited by 82
Hayward black holes in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Kumar, A., Singh, D. V., & Ghosh, S. G. (2020) · Annals of Physics · doi:10.1016/j.aop.2020.168214 · Cited by 84
Dust collapse in 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Malafarina, D., Toshmatov, B., & Dadhich, N. (2020) · Physics of the Dark Universe · doi:10.1016/j.dark.2020.100598 · Cited by 81
Observational constraints on the regularized 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory of gravity
Clifton, T., Carrilho, P., Fernandes, P. G. S., & Mulryne, D. J. (2020) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.102.084005 · Cited by 89
Effects of Gauss–Bonnet term on the final fate of gravitational collapse
Maeda, H. (2006) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/23/6/016 · Cited by 81
Conserved charges in Einstein Gauss–Bonnet theory
Deruelle, N., Katz, J., & Ogushi, S. (2004) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/21/8/004 · Cited by 89
THERMODYNAMICS OF ROTATING BLACK BRANES IN GAUSS–BONNET–BORN–INFELD GRAVITY
Dehghani, M. H., & Hendi, S. H. (2007) · International Journal of Modern Physics D · doi:10.1142/s0218271807011127 · Cited by 78
Holographic superconductors in Gauss-Bonnet gravity with Born-Infeld electrodynamics
Jing, J., Wang, L., Pan, Q., & Chen, S. (2011) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.83.066010 · Cited by 80
Quintessence background for 5D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet black holes
Ghosh, S. G., Amir, M., & Maharaj, S. D. (2017) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5099-8 · Cited by 80
D-dimensional Bardeen–AdS black holes in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet theory
Kumar, A., Singh, D. V., & Ghosh, S. G. (2019) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6773-9 · Cited by 81
Exploring New Physics Frontiers Through Numerical Relativity
Cardoso, V., Gualtieri, L., Herdeiro, C., & Sperhake, U. (2015) · Living Reviews in Relativity · doi:10.1007/lrr-2015-1 · Cited by 98
Eikonal instability of Gauss-Bonnet–(anti-)–de Sitter black holes
Konoplya, R. A., & Zhidenko, A. (2017) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.95.104005 · Cited by 79
“Mass without mass” from thin shells in Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Gravanis, E., & Willison, S. (2007) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.75.084025 · Cited by 76
Gauge Supergravities for All Odd Dimensions
Troncoso, R., & Zanelli, J. (1999) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1023/a:1026614631617 · Cited by 80
NONSINGULAR UNIVERSES IN GAUSS–BONNET GRAVITY’S RAINBOW
Hendi, S. H., Momennia, M., Panah, B. E., & Faizal, M. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-637x/827/2/153 · Cited by 78
Gauss–Bonnet black holes at the LHC: beyond the dimensionality of space
Barrau, A., Grain, J., & Alexeyev, S. O. (2004) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2004.01.019 · Cited by 78
Holographic studies of Einsteinian cubic gravity
Bueno, P., Cano, P. A., & Ruipérez, A. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2018)150 · Cited by 77
Komar integrals in higher (and lower) derivative gravity
Kastor, D. A. (2008) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/25/17/175007 · Cited by 85
Spacetime structure of static solutions in Gauss-Bonnet gravity: Charged case
Torii, T., & Maeda, H. (2005) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.72.064007 · Cited by 77
Thermodynamics of conformal anomaly corrected black holes in AdS space
Cai, R.-G. (2014) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2014.04.044 · Cited by 74
Bergshoeff, E., Hohm, O., Rosseel, J., & Townsend, P. K. (2011) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.83.104038 · Cited by 84
Clouds of strings in 4 D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet black holes
Singh, D. V., Ghosh, S. G., & Maharaj, S. D. (2020) · Physics of the Dark Universe · doi:10.1016/j.dark.2020.100730 · Cited by 109
Counterterms in dimensionally continued AdS gravity
Mišković, O., & Olea, R. (2007) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2007/10/028 · Cited by 76
Phase transition of AdS black holes in 4D EGB gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics
Ghosh, S. G., Singh, D. V., Kumar, R., & Maharaj, S. D. (2020) · Annals of Physics · doi:10.1016/j.aop.2020.168347 · Cited by 78
New framework for studying spherically symmetric static solutions in f ( R ) gravity
Nzioki, A. M., Carloni, S., Goswami, R., & Dunsby, P. K. S. (2010) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.81.084028 · Cited by 75
Back reaction effects in black hole spacetimes
Loustó, C. O., & Sanchez, N. G. (1988) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(88)91789-3 · Cited by 75
Lovelock black holes surrounded by quintessence
Ghosh, S. G., Maharaj, S. D., Baboolal, D., & Lee, T.-H. (2018) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-5570-1 · Cited by 73
Comment on “Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity in Four-Dimensional Spacetime”
Arrechea, J., Delhom, A., & Jiménez-Cano, A. (2020) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.125.149002 · Cited by 74
Inhomogeneous dust collapse in 5D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Jhingan, S., & Ghosh, S. G. (2010) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.81.024010 · Cited by 74
Coset spaces and ten-dimensional unified theories
Müller-Hoissen, F., & Stückl, R. (1988) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/5/1/011 · Cited by 74
Naked singularity and Gauss–Bonnet term in brane world scenarios
Low, I., & Zee, A. (2000) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/s0550-3213(00)00352-7 · Cited by 74
On Gauss-Bonnet black hole entropy
Clunan, T., Ross, S. F., & Smith, D. J. (2004) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 74
Causal structures in Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Izumi, K. (2014) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.90.044037 · Cited by 73
AdS waves as exact solutions to quadratic gravity
Güllü, İ., Metin Gürses, A., Şişman, T. Ç., & Tekin, B. (2011) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.83.084015 · Cited by 73
Chern-Simons black holes: scalar perturbations, mass and area spectrum and greybody factors
González, P., Papantonopoulos, E., & Saavedra, J. (2010) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep08(2010)050 · Cited by 72
NUT-charged black holes in Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Dehghani, M. H., & Mann, R. B. (2005) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.72.124006 · Cited by 72
The Cauchy problem for stringy gravity
Choquet-Bruhat, Y. (1988) · Journal of Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.527841 · Cited by 72
Kerr–Schild ansatz in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity: an exact vacuum solution in five dimensions
Anabalòn, A., Deruelle, N., Morisawa, Y., Oliva, J., Sasaki, M., Tempo, D., & Troncoso, R. (2009) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/26/6/065002 · Cited by 72
Wormhole solutions in Gauss–Bonnet–Born–Infeld gravity
Dehghani, M. H., & Hendi, S. H. (2009) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/s10714-009-0756-3 · Cited by 71
Eichhorn, A., & Held, A. (2021) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2021/05/073 · Cited by 77
Sippel, R., & Goenner, H. (1986) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/bf00763448 · Cited by 71
Dehghani, M. H., & Mann, R. B. (2010) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep07(2010)019 · Cited by 70
Friedmann equations from emergence of cosmic space
Sheykhi, A. (2013) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.87.061501 · Cited by 70
Konoplya, R. A., & Zhidenko, A. (2017) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep09(2017)139 · Cited by 69
Quark Stars in 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet Gravity with an Interacting Quark Equation of State
Banerjee, A., Tangphati, T., Samart, D., & Channuie, P. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abc87f · Cited by 69
Five-dimensional rotating black holes in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet theory
Brihaye, Y., & Radu, E. (2008) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.02.005 · Cited by 69
Denis Comelli, C. (2005) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.72.064018 · Cited by 69
Cosmological perturbations from braneworld inflation with a Gauss-Bonnet term
Dufaux, J.-F., Lidsey, J. E., Maartens, R., & Sami, M. (2004) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.70.083525 · Cited by 66
Cloud of strings for radiating black holes in Lovelock gravity
Ghosh, S. G., & Maharaj, S. D. (2014) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.89.084027 · Cited by 69
Lovelock black holes with maximally symmetric horizons
Maeda, H., Willison, S., & Ray, S. (2011) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/28/16/165005 · Cited by 69
Study on black hole shadows in asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes
Roy, R., & Chakrabarti, S. K. (2020) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.102.024059 · Cited by 84
Kaloper, N., & Olive, K. A. (1993) · Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1016/0927-6505(93)90021-5 · Cited by 69
On black strings & branes in Lovelock gravity
Kastor, D. A., & Mann, R. B. (2006) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2006/04/048 · Cited by 68
Maurya, S. K., Singh, K. N., Govender, M., & Ray, S. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3611 · Cited by 67
Energy issue for a class of modified higher order gravity black hole solutions
Cognola, G., Gorbunova, O., Sebastiani, L., & Zerbini, S. (2011) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.84.023515 · Cited by 67
Stability of black holes based on horizon thermodynamics
Ma, M.-S., & Zhao, R. (2015) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2015.10.061 · Cited by 68
Conserved charges of higher D Kerr–AdS spacetimes
Deser, S., Kanik, I., & Tekin, B. (2005) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/22/17/001 · Cited by 67
Self-citationStatic equilibria of charged particles around charged black holes: Chaos bound and its violations
Zhao, Q., Li, Y.-Z., & Lü, H. (2018) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.98.124001 · Cited by 66
Mass and free energy of Lovelock black holes
Kastor, D. A., Ray, S., & Traschen, J. (2011) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/28/19/195022 · Cited by 66
Asymptotically (anti)-de Sitter solutions in Gauss-Bonnet gravity without a cosmological constant
Dehghani, M. H. (2004) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.70.064019 · Cited by 66
Slowly rotating charged Gauss-Bonnet black holes in AdS spaces
Kim, H.-C., & Cai, R.-G. (2008) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.77.024045 · Cited by 71
Uniform density static fluid sphere in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity and its universality
DADHICH, N. K., Molina, A., & Khugaev, A. V. (2010) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.81.104026 · Cited by 65
On the static Lovelock black holes
DADHICH, N. K., Pons, J. M., & Prabhu, K. (2013) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/s10714-013-1514-0 · Cited by 65
Effects of Lovelock gravity on the Joule–Thomson expansion
Mo, J.-X., & Li, G.-Q. (2019) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ab60b9 · Cited by 72
WARPED BRANE-WORLD COMPACTIFICATION WITH GAUSS–BONNET TERM
Cho, Y. M., & Neupane, I. P. (2003) · International Journal of Modern Physics A · doi:10.1142/s0217751x03015106 · Cited by 65
Intriguing microstructures of five-dimensional neutral Gauss-Bonnet AdS black hole
Wei, S.-W., & Liu, Y.-X. (2020) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135287 · Cited by 64
Emergent universe scenario in the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity with dilaton
Paul, B. C., & Ghose, S. (2009) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/s10714-009-0880-0 · Cited by 64
Matter without matter: Kaluza-Klein spacetime in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Maeda, H., & DADHICH, N. K. (2007) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.75.044007 · Cited by 64
Counterterms in Dimensionally Continued AdS GravityPreprint
Mišković, O., Rodrigo Olea, A., Valparaíso, C., & Chile, V. (2012) · Cited by 64
From Lovelock to Horndeski’s Generalized Scalar Tensor Theory
Charmousis, C. (2014) · Lecture notes in physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10070-8_2 · Cited by 63
Large D limit of Einstein’s equations
Emparan, R., & Herzog, C. P. (2020) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.92.045005 · Cited by 54
Quasinormal modes and strong cosmic censorship in the regularised 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Mishra, A. K. (2020) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/s10714-020-02763-2 · Cited by 98
Cosmic acceleration from asymmetric branes
Padilla, A. (2005) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/22/4/003 · Cited by 62
Matching conditions for a brane of arbitrary codimension
Charmousis, C., & Zegers, R. (2005) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2005/08/075 · Cited by 62
Higher-order Lagrangian systems: Geometric structures, dynamics, and constraints
Gràcia, X., Pons, J. M., & Román‐Roy, N. (1991) · Journal of Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.529066 · Cited by 62
Lovelock-Lifshitz Black HolesPreprint
Dehghani, M. H., & Mann, R. B. (2016) · Cited by 62
The instability of vacua in Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Charmousis, C., & Padilla, A. (2008) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2008/12/038 · Cited by 73
Radiating black hole solutions in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Domínguez, A. E., & Gallo, E. (2006) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.73.064018 · Cited by 60
Surface terms and the Gauss–Bonnet Hamiltonian
Padilla, A. (2003) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/20/14/315 · Cited by 61
Electrically charged quark stars in 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Pretel, J. M. Z., Banerjee, A., & Pradhan, A. (2022) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10123-4 · Cited by 60
Thermodynamics, phase transition and Joule–Thomson expansion of 4-D Gauss–Bonnet AdS black hole
Hegde, K., Rizwan, C. L. A., Ajith, K. M., Kumara, A. N., Ali, M. S., & Punacha, S. (2024) · International Journal of Modern Physics A · doi:10.1142/s0217751x24500805 · Cited by 102
Taub-NUT/bolt black holes in Gauss-Bonnet-Maxwell gravity
Dehghani, M. H., & Hendi, S. H. (2006) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.73.084021 · Cited by 60
Birkhoff's theorem in Lovelock gravity
Zegers, R. (2005) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 60
Generalized quasi-topological gravities: the whole shebang
Bueno, P., Cano, P. A., Hennigar, R. A., Lu, M., & Moreno, J. (2022) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/1361-6382/aca236 · Cited by 59
Hendi, S. H., Panah, B. E., & Panahiyan, S. (2016) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/33/23/235007 · Cited by 64
Obstructions on the horizon geometry from string theory corrections to Einstein gravity
Dotti, G., & Gleiser, R. J. (2005) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2005.08.110 · Cited by 59
Long life of Gauss-Bonnet corrected black holes
Konoplya, R. A., & Zhidenko, A. (2010) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.82.084003 · Cited by 58
A Vaidya-type radiating solution in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity and its application to braneworld
Kobayashi, T. (2005) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/s10714-005-0192-y · Cited by 58
Universality of P − V criticality in horizon thermodynamics
Hansen, D., Kubizňák, D., & Mann, R. B. (2017) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep01(2017)047 · Cited by 61
Universal black hole stability in four dimensions
Bueno, P., & Cano, P. A. (2017) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.96.024034 · Cited by 70
Metadata
- Authors
- Boulware, D. G., & Deser, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- ORCID
- Deser, S.
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1985-12-09
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 2656-2660
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1985071512
- Semantic Scholar
- de20b24195f2aac5e46deee55b4a15343f186e8a
- Cited by
- 1,583
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 101 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 61 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 57
- FWCI
- 14.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Keywords
- Gauss-Bonnet gravity, quadratic curvature corrections, Einstein-Hilbert action, superstring theory, anti-de Sitter space, cosmological instability, static spherically symmetric solutions, event horizon, naked singularities, higher-curvature corrections, cosmological constant
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-31, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-31 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
