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Bell’s Theorem for General N-Qubit States
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We derive a single general Bell inequality which is a sufficient and necessary condition for the correlation function for N particles to be describable in a local and realistic picture, for the case in which measurements on each particle can be chosen between two arbitrary dichotomic observables. We also derive a necessary and sufficient condition for an arbitrary N-qubit mixed state to violate this inequality. This condition is a generalization and reformulation of the Horodecki family condition for two qubits.
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“which is the necessary and sufficient condition for correlation functions involved in it, E(A k , B l , C m ), to have a local realistic model [for proofs see Werner and Wolf (2001), Żukowski and Brukner (2002)].”
From Multiphoton entanglement and interferometry (2012) · cites this paper as Żukowski and Brukner (2002)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Żukowski, M., & Brukner, Č.
- Affiliations
- University of Gdańsk (PL)
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2002-05-09
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 210401-210401
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W2005287051
- Cited by
- 422
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 10.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Keywords
- Bell's theorem, Bell inequalities, n-qubit states, local realism, quantum nonlocality, correlation functions, dichotomic observables, mixed states, entanglement
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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