Gray-Molasses Optical-Tweezer Loading: Controlling Collisions for Scaling Atom-Array Assembly
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A new technique for loading atoms into an optical trap does so with 90% efficiency in traps much shallower than in standard techniques, enabling efficient preparation of large, ordered single-atom arrays that are key for large-scale quantum simulation and computation.
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Schemes for near-deterministic loading of optical tweezers have been realised in research labs, to overcome the stochastic nature of the trap loading and to finally supersede the rearrangement process.
“schemes for neardeterministic loading of optical tweezers have been realised in research labs [72,73,76], to overcome the stochastic nature of the trap loading and to finally supersede the rearrangement process.”
From Neutral atom quantum computing hardware: performance and end-user perspective (2023) · cites this paper as [76]
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Grochowski, P. T., Pichler, H., Regal, C. A., & Romero‐Isart, O. (2025) · Quantum · doi:10.22331/q-2025-08-08-1824 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationImaging a Li 6 Atom in an Optical Tweezer 2000 Times with Λ -Enhanced Gray Molasses
Blodgett, K. N., Peana, D., Phatak, S. S., Terry, L. M., Montes, M. P., & Hood, J. D. (2023) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.131.083001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
High Optical Access Cryogenic System for Rydberg Atom Arrays with a 3000-Second Trap Lifetime
Zhang, Z., Hsu, T., Tan, T. Y., Slichter, D. H., Kaufman, A. M., Marinelli, M., & Regal, C. A. (2025) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.6.020337 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationSingle-atom transport in optical conveyor belts: Enhanced shortcuts-to-adiabaticity approach
Hauck, S. H., Alber, G., & Stojanović, V. M. (2021) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.104.053110 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
High-Fidelity Manipulation of the Quantized Motion of a Single Atom via Stern–Gerlach Splitting*
Wang, K., Zhuang, J., He, X., Guo, R., Sheng, C., Xu, P., Liu, M., Wang, J., & Zhan, M. (2020) · Chinese Physics Letters · doi:10.1088/0256-307x/37/4/044209 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Cimring, B., Sabeh, R. E., Bacvanski, M., Maaz, S., Hajj, I. E., Nishimura, N., Mouawad, A. E., & Cooper, A. (2023) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.108.023107 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Bound states in the continuum in subwavelength emitter arrays
de Paz, M. B., & Huidobro, P. A. (2023) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.5.033108 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Λ-enhanced gray molasses in a tetrahedral laser beam geometry
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Jen, H. H. (2025) · Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-9565/adbb86 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Generating scalable graph states in an atom-nanophotonic interface
Chien, C.-H., Goswami, S., Wu, C.-C., Hiew, W. S., Chen, Y.-C., & Jen, H. H. (2024) · Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-9565/ad33ad · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Microsecond-Scale High-Survival and Number-Resolved Detection of Ytterbium Atom Arrays.
Falconi, A. M., Panza, R., Sbernardori, S., Forti, R., Klemt, R., Karim, O. A., Marinelli, M., & Scazza, F. (2025) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/n3bg-7yw7 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Deterministic generation of highly squeezed GKP states in ultracold atoms
Kendell, H. C. P., Ferranti, G., & Weidner, C. A. (2024) · APL Quantum · doi:10.1063/5.0197119 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Apparatus for producing single strontium atoms in an optical tweezer array
文, K. 凯. W., Chen, H., Yan, X., Ren, Z., He, C., Hajiyev, E., Wong, P. T. F., & Jo, G.-B. (2024) · Chinese Physics B · doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ad84d0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Scheme for Deterministic Loading of Laser-Cooled Molecules into Optical Tweezers
Walraven, E. F., Tarbutt, M. R., & Karman, T. (2024) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.132.183401 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Quantifying Light-Assisted Collisions in Optical Tweezers across the Hyperfine Spectrum
Pampel, S. K., Marinelli, M., Brown, M. O., D'Incao, J. P., & Regal, C. A. (2025) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.134.013202 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationGeneralized theory for optical cooling of a trapped atom with spin
Phatak, S. S., Blodgett, K. N., Peana, D., Chen, M. R., & Hood, J. D. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.110.043116 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Optimal control in phase space applied to minimal-time transfer of thermal atoms in optical traps
Morandi, O., Nicoletti, S., Gavryusev, V., & Fallani, L. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/d857-7cwr · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cavity-Enabled Real-Time Observation of Individual Atomic Collisions
Peters, M. L., Wang, G., Spierings, D., Drucker, N., Hu, B., Chen, M.-W., Chen, Y.-T., & Vuletić, V. (2025) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/941q-5sdq · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Fano resonance in excitation spectroscopy and cooling of an optically trapped single atom
Chow, C. H., Ng, B. L., Prakash, V., & Kurtsiefer, C. (2024) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.6.023154 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Multi-reservoir enhanced loading of tweezer atom arrays
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Light-assisted collisions in tweezer-trapped lanthanides
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State carving in a chirally-coupled atom-nanophotonic cavity
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Dual-species optical tweezer for Rb and K atoms
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Fast Real-Time Arbitrary Waveform Generation Using Graphic Processing Units
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Single-atom imaging of 173Yb in optical tweezers loaded by a five-beam magneto-optical trap
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Optimized readout strategies for neutral-atom quantum processors
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The path to continuous Bose-Einstein condensation
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Dynamic hologram generation with automatic differentiation
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High-Efficiency Loading of 2400 Ytterbium Atoms in Optical Tweezer Arrays
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A universal algorithm for defect-free atomic array with arbitrary periodic geometries [Invited]
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Atoms loading and cooling for an optical cavity assisted by Λ-enhanced gray-molasses cooling process
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Rearrangement of Single Atoms by Solving Assignment Problems via Convolutional Neural Network
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Atom Trapping with Metasurface Optics
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Sub-Doppler Cooling, State Preparation, and Optical Trapping of a Triel Atom
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Lellouch-Lüscher Relation for Ultracold Few-Atom Systems under Confinement
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Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols
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Self-citationHybrid Atom Tweezer Array of Nuclear Spin and Optical Clock Qubits
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Experimental Apparatus and Techniques
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Enhanced atom-by-atom assembly of defect-free two-dimensional mixed-species atomic arrays
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High-fidelity entangling gates and nonlocal circuits with neutral atoms
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Λ -Enhanced Gray-Molasses Loading and EIT Cooling of Neutral Atoms in Nanophotonic Traps
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Fast Single-Atom Preparation in Optical Tweezers via Rydberg Blockade
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- Authors
- Brown, M. O., Thiele, T., Kiehl, C., Hsu, T.-W., & Regal, C. A.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)
- Venue
- Physical Review X
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2019-03-29
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2160-3308 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2960542242
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 4.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Physical Review X (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Office of Naval Research (N00014-17-1-2245)
- National Science Foundation (PHYS 1734006)
- Frederick Gardner Cottrell Foundation
- David and Lucile Packard Foundation
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (P2EZP2_172208)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum optics and atomic interactions
- Keywords
- optical tweezers, atom loading, atom arrays, atomic collisions, collision control, quantum simulation, quantum computing
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