Fast Preparation and Detection of a Rydberg Qubit Using Atomic Ensembles
Open accessAbstract
We demonstrate a new approach for fast preparation, manipulation, and collective readout of an atomic Rydberg-state qubit. By making use of Rydberg blockade inside a small atomic ensemble, we prepare a single qubit within $3\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ with a success probability of ${F}_{p}=0.93\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$, rotate it, and read out its state in $6\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ with a single-shot fidelity of ${F}_{d}=0.92\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$. The ensemble-assisted detection is ${10}^{3}$ times faster than imaging of a single atom with the same optical resolution, and enables fast repeated nondestructive measurement. We observe qubit coherence times of $15\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$, much longer than the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ rotation time of 90 ns. Potential applications ranging from faster quantum information processing in atom arrays to efficient implementation of quantum error correction are discussed.
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Readout fidelity for neutral atom quantum computers is 0.95.
“0.95 [46]”
From Neutral atom quantum computing hardware: performance and end-user perspective (2023) · cites this paper as [46]
Readout for neutral atom quantum computers takes ∼10 ms for fluorescence imaging, and ∼6 μs using a collective readout scheme.
“∼10 ms for fluorescence imaging [46] (∼6 μs using a”
From Neutral atom quantum computing hardware: performance and end-user perspective (2023) · cites this paper as [46]
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Park, M., Maskara, N., Kalinowski, M., & Lukin, M. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.111.012419 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationInteraction-enhanced transmission imaging with Rydberg atoms
Huo, X., Chen, J. F., Qian, J., & Zhang, W. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.105.012817 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Du, J., Vogt, T., Zheng, N., & Li, W. (2025) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.542098 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Speeding Up Quantum Measurement Using Space-Time Trade-Off
Corlett, C., Čepaitė, I., Daley, A. J., Gustiani, C., Pelegrí, G., Pritchard, J. D., Linden, N., & Skrzypczyk, P. (2025) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.134.080801 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Rabi‐Robustness Multiqubit Geometric Gate with Rydberg Atoms
Wei, J., Wang, L., Yan, L.-L., Feng, M., & Su, S. (2025) · Advanced Quantum Technologies · doi:10.1002/qute.202400614 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Laskar, R., Hossain, M. M., & Saha, J. K. (2025) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6455/adac95 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rapid preparation of Rydberg superatom W state using superadiabatic techniques
Liping, Y., Jiping, W., Li, D. O. N. G., Xiaoming, X. I. U., & Yanqiang, J. (2025) · Acta Physica Sinica · doi:10.7498/aps.74.20241694 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
High-fidelity and robust single-qubit gate on a neutral atom using transitionless quantum driving
Liu, P., Guo, A.-L., Wu, H., Feng, G., Song, T., Guo, L., Li, B., Xie, Q., Xiong, Z., Dong, Y., et al. (2025) · Chinese Journal of Physics · doi:10.1016/j.cjph.2025.09.008 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Rydberg atoms in a ladder geometry: Quench dynamics and Floquet engineering
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Du, J., Vogt, T., & Li, W. (2023) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.130.143004 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Post-selection-free preparation of high-quality physical qubits
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Coherence enhancement of Rydberg polaritons
Shi, X., Lü, Y., Jiao, Y., & Zhao, J. (2025) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/z6dc-zrnh · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Continuous-wave quantum light control via engineered Rydberg-induced dephasing
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Continuous-wave all-optical single-photon transistor based on a Rydberg-atom ensemble
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Controlling interactions in quantum materials : from a microscopic description to quantum simulation
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Qudit encoding in Rydberg-blockaded arrays of atoms
Robert, A., & Bienaimé, T. (2026) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/dv2h-ryps
Single atomic layer quantum holography
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Applications of maximum likelihood estimations for analyzing photon counts in few-atom experiments
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Fast and robust detection of single Rydberg excitations in mesoscopic ensembles
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Quantum Entanglement with High Fidelity in a Rydberg Blockade System via an Effective Hamiltonian
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All-to-all connectivity of Rydberg-atom-based quantum processors with messenger qubits
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Imperfect Blockade in Rydberg Superatoms
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Optimized ancillary drive for fast Rydberg entangling gates
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STQS: A Unified System Architecture for Spatial Temporal Quantum Sensing
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Nonlinear quantum optics with a single Rydberg superatom coupled to a medium-finesse cavity
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Quantum Simulation of Motzkin Spin Chains with Rydberg Atoms
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- Authors
- Xu, W., Venkatramani, A. V., Cantú, S. H., Šumarac, T., Klüsener, V., Lukin, M. D., & Vuletić, V.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2021-07-27
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 050501-050501
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W3164415272
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 3.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Army Research Office
- Army Research Laboratory
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Boeing
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum optics and atomic interactions
- Keywords
- Rydberg blockade, atomic ensembles, qubit readout, single-shot measurement, non-destructive measurement, qubit coherence time, atom arrays, quantum error correction
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