The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Spin-exchange optical pumping of noble-gas nuclei
Abstract
Spin-exchange optical pumping of mixtures of alkali-metal vapors and noble gases can be used to efficiently polarize the nuclei of the noble-gas atoms. Liters of noble gases at standard temperature and pressure and with nuclear spin polarizations of several tens of percent are now used in many applications. The authors describe the basic phenomena that govern the spin-exchange process and review the physics of angular momentum transfer and loss in optical pumping and spin-exchange collisions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
High-Sensitivity Atomic Magnetometer Unaffected by Spin-Exchange Relaxation
Allred, J. C., Lyman, R. N., Kornack, T. W., & Romalis, M. V. (2002) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.89.130801 · Cited by 1,049
Ultrahigh sensitivity magnetic field and magnetization measurements with an atomic magnetometer
Dang, H. B., Maloof, A. C., & Romalis, M. V. (2010) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.3491215 · Cited by 891
First accuracy evaluation of NIST-F2
Heavner, T. P., Donley, E. A., Levi, F., Costanzo, G., Parker, T. E., Shirley, J. H., Ashby, N., Barlow, S., & Jefferts, S. R. (2014) · Metrologia · doi:10.1088/0026-1394/51/3/174 · Cited by 205
Jones, J. A. (2001) · Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/s0079-6565(00)00033-9 · Cited by 177
Low-field magnetic resonance imaging with a high-Tc dc superconducting quantum interference device
Schlenga, K., McDermott, R., Clarke, J., de Souza, R. E., Wong-Foy, A., & Pines, A. (1999) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.125432 · Cited by 67
Metadata
- Authors
- Walker, T. G., & Happer, W.
- Venue
- Reviews of Modern Physics
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1997-04-01
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 629-642
- ISSN
- 0034-6861 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-0756
- OpenAlex
- W2057017828
- Cited by
- 1,444
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 22.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Spin-exchange optical pumping of noble-gas nuclei. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1103/revmodphys.69.629
- The paper
- Walker, T. G., & Happer, W. (1997). Spin-exchange optical pumping of noble-gas nuclei. Reviews of Modern Physics. https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.69.629
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
