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Nobel Lecture: Controlling photons in a box and exploring the quantum to classical boundary

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Haroche, Serge·2013·Reviews of Modern Physics

Abstract

Microwave photons trapped in a superconducting cavity constitute an ideal system to realize some of the thought experiments imagined by the founding fathers of quantum physics. The interaction of these trapped photons with Rydberg atoms crossing the cavity illustrates fundamental aspects of measurement theory. The experiments performed with this ``photon box'' at Ecole Normale Sup\'erieure (ENS) belong to the domain of quantum optics called ``cavity quantum electrodynamics.'' We have realized the nondestructive counting of photons, the recording of field quantum jumps, the preparation and reconstruction of ``Schr\"odinger cat'' states of radiation and the study of their decoherence, which provides a striking illustration of the transition from the quantum to the classical world. These experiments have also led to the demonstration of basic steps in quantum information processing, including the deterministic entanglement of atoms and the realization of quantum gates using atoms and photons as quantum bits. This lecture starts by an introduction stressing the connection between the ENS photon box and the ion-trap experiments of David Wineland, whose accompanying lecture recalls his own contribution to the field of single particle control. I give then a personal account of the early days of cavity quantum electrodynamics before describing the main experiments performed at ENS during the last 20 years and concluding by a discussion comparing our work to other researches dealing with the control of single quantum particles.

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Metadata

Authors
Haroche, S.
Venue
Reviews of Modern Physics
Published
2013-07-12
Volume
85
Issue
3
Pages
1083-1102
ISSN
  • 0034-6861 (ISSN-L)
  • 1539-0756
OpenAlex
W2331584281
Cited by
633
References
17
FWCI
22.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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Haroche, S. (2013). Nobel Lecture: Controlling photons in a box and exploring the quantum to classical boundary. Reviews of Modern Physics. https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.85.1083

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