Non-Photochemical Quenching. A Response to Excess Light Energy
Abstract
Plants and algae have a love/hate relationship with light. As oxygenic photoautotrophic organisms, they require light for life; however, too much light can lead to increased production of damaging reactive oxygen species as byproducts of photosynthesis. In extreme cases, photooxidative damage can cause pigment bleaching and death, a phenomenon all too familiar to anyone who has tried to move a houseplant outdoors into full sunlight. The quantity of the light in natural environments can vary over several orders of magnitude and on a time scale that ranges from seconds to seasons. Because light is such an important environmental parameter, plants have evolved numerous biochemical and developmental responses to light that help to optimize photosynthesis and growth. For example, plants rely on photoreceptors such as phytochrome for shade avoidance responses. Some plants are able to adjust their capacity for harvesting sunlight through leaf and chloroplast movements. During long-term acclimation to changes in light intensity many algae and plants regulate the size of their light-harvesting pigment antennae through changes in gene expression and/or proteolysis. Large antennae are necessary for efficient light capture in limiting light, but they can be a liability when light is abundant or excessive.
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Nonphotochemical quenching mechanisms function to dissipate excess light energy before it reaches the photosystems.
“In practice, there are also nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanisms that function to dissipate excess light energy before it reaches the photosystems (Müller et al., 2001).”
From Leaf Energy Balance Requires Mitochondrial Respiration and Export of Chloroplast NADPH in the Light (2019) · cites this paper as Müller et al., 2001
Cites
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Increased lipid productivity and TAG content in Nannochloropsis by heavy-ion irradiation mutagenesis
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Photoinhibition: Fundamentals and Implications for Primary Productivity
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- Authors
- Müller, P., Li, X.-P., & Niyogi, K. K.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720–3102
- ORCID
- Niyogi, Krishna K.
- Venue
- Plant Physiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2001-04-01
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1558-1566
- ISSN
- 0032-0889 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-2548
- OpenAlex
- W1992244454
- Cited by
- 2,840
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 124 · 2025: 119 · 2024: 153 · 2023: 150 · 2022: 154 · 2021: 168 · 2020: 172 · 2019: 143 · 2018: 134 · 2017: 147 · 2016: 150 · 2015: 144 · 2014: 141 · 2013: 114 · 2012: 121
- FWCI
- 3.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Light effects on plants
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Keywords
- non-photochemical quenching, photoprotection, reactive oxygen species, photooxidative damage, chlorophyll fluorescence, light acclimation, photoreceptors, shade avoidance, chloroplast movement, pigment bleaching
- MeSH terms
- Chlorophyll, Light, Photosynthesis, Sunlight, Lutein, Plant Physiological Phenomena
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