The application of micro-FTIR spectroscopy to analyze nutrient stress-related changes in biomass composition of phytoplankton algae
Abstract
Micro-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study changes in spectral features of three species of Cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa, Croococcus minutus, and Nostoc sp.) and two Bacillariophyceae (Cyclotella meneghiniana, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum) in response to nutrient stress. The change of physiological state of the cells was followed during a 4-week starvation period on the basis of physiological key parameters and by means of FTIR spectroscopy. Changes in the integrated FTIR bands of cell spectra assigned to proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and silicate were used to calculate relative biomass composition. The results show that short-term acclimatization become visible at first in pigmentation and photosynthetic efficiency, whereas changes in biomass composition reflect long term modulation in the metabolism. Simultaneous monitoring of short term and long term stress acclimatization showed evidence that the metabolic strategies to cope with increasing nutrient limitation are highly species-specific. This species-specificity can only be resolved in natural phytoplankton samples by single cell techniques. The results show that the FTIR technique has the potential to become applicable for the determination of single cell biomass composition from natural phytoplankton communities.
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Nutritional variability causes changes in the macromolecular composition of microalgae cells.
“Several studies to improve lipid production in microalgae have shown that nutritional variability causes changes in the macromolecular composition of microalgae cells [5,6].”
From Response to nutrient variation on lipid productivity in green microalgae captured using second derivative FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
FTIR spectroscopy has been used for rapid assessment of lipids without lipid extraction and to monitor changes within intracellular macromolecular pools of microalgae.
“Many of the studies have reported the use of FTIR spectroscopy in the rapid assessment of lipids, without the need for lipid extraction and to monitor the changes within the intracellular macromolecular pools of microalgae [15,20 -23].”
From Response to nutrient variation on lipid productivity in green microalgae captured using second derivative FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
Biomolecular groups in Chlamydomonas sp. were identified and variation in peak intensity between NP treatments and days of growth was assessed.
“Similarly, for Chlamydomonas sp ., (Fig.3 and 4) their biomolecular groups were identified and the variation in the intensity of the peaks between NP treatments and the days of growth was assessed and is tabulated in Table 3 [9,20,23,52 -54].”
From Response to nutrient variation on lipid productivity in green microalgae captured using second derivative FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
The microalgae cells experienced nutritional stress as a result of low nitrate and phosphate contents, which increased the content of hydrocarbons.
“This implies that the microalgae cells have experienced nutritional stress as a result of the low nitrate and phosphate contents, which have increased the content of hydrocarbons [9,20].”
From Response to nutrient variation on lipid productivity in green microalgae captured using second derivative FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
The two species M. contortum and Chlamydomonas sp. have produced more neutral lipids (TAGs) with nutritional depletion.
“This indicates that the two species M.contortum and Chlamydomonas sp. have produced more neutral lipids (TAGs) with nutritional depletion [9,20,61 -63] and it is a positive indication that these microalgae species can be tapped for biodiesel production.”
From Response to nutrient variation on lipid productivity in green microalgae captured using second derivative FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
The ~1740 cm−1 IR band is assigned to ν(C=O) stretches of esters from lipids - Triacylglycerides (TAGs).
“~ 1740 | | m + | | m + | | m + | | s + |”
From Response to nutrient variation on lipid productivity in green microalgae captured using second derivative FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
The ~3010 cm−1 IR band is assigned to (=CH) stretches from unsaturated lipids.
“~ 3010 | ~ 3014 | w + | w + | w + | vw + | w + | vw + | w + |”
From Response to nutrient variation on lipid productivity in green microalgae captured using second derivative FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
The ~1658 cm−1 Raman band is assigned to cis ν(C=C) from unsaturated lipids.
“~ 1654 | ~ 1658 | s + | w + | s + | vw + | s + | vw + | m + |”
From Response to nutrient variation on lipid productivity in green microalgae captured using second derivative FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
The ~2924 cm−1 IR band is assigned to (CH2) asymmetric stretches from hydrocarbons.
“~ 2924 | ~ 2912 | s + | vw + | m + | vw + | m + | vw + | s + |”
From Response to nutrient variation on lipid productivity in green microalgae captured using second derivative FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
The ~2850 cm−1 IR band is assigned to νs(CH2) symmetric stretches.
“~ 2846 | ~ 2820 | s + | m + | s + | w + | s + | m + | vs + |”
From Response to nutrient variation on lipid productivity in green microalgae captured using second derivative FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
The ~1654 cm−1 IR band is assigned to ν(C=O), ν(C-N) stretches and δ(N-H) deformations of Amide I from proteins.
“~ 1654 | ~ 1658 | s + | w + | s + | vw + | s + | vw + | m + |”
From Response to nutrient variation on lipid productivity in green microalgae captured using second derivative FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
The ~1266 cm−1 IR band is assigned to δ(=CH) deformations from unsaturated lipids.
“~ 1266 | ~ 1264 | vw + | w + | vw + | w + | vw + | w + | vw + |”
From Response to nutrient variation on lipid productivity in green microalgae captured using second derivative FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
The ~1380 cm−1 IR band is assigned to δs(CH3) symmetric bend from lipids and proteins.
“~ 1380 | | vs - | | s - | | m - | | w - |”
From Response to nutrient variation on lipid productivity in green microalgae captured using second derivative FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
The ~1440 cm−1 Raman band is assigned to δ(CH2) scissoring from saturated lipids and hydrocarbons.
“| ~ 1440 | | s + | | s + | | s + |”
From Response to nutrient variation on lipid productivity in green microalgae captured using second derivative FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Stehfest, K., Toepel, J., & Wilhelm, C.
- Affiliations
- Leipzig University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Stehfest, Katja
- Venue
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-07
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 717-726
- ISSN
- 0981-9428 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2058108794
- Cited by
- 316
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 3.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
- Keywords
- FTIR microspectroscopy, nutritional stress, phytoplankton, cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa, Nostoc, diatoms, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, starvation, biomass composition, photosynthetic efficiency, pigmentation, single-cell analysis
- MeSH terms
- Cyanobacteria, Phytoplankton, Sensitivity and Specificity, Species Specificity, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Biomass, Eukaryota
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