An implantable power supply with an optically rechargeable lithium battery
Abstract
A novel power supply for medical implants has been developed. A wireless near-infrared power transmission recharges a lithium secondary battery in the power supply. A photovoltaic cell array embedded under skin receives near-infrared light through the skin and charges the battery directly powering an implanted device. We have shown that, for a photodiode area of 2.1 cm2, 17 min of near-infrared irradiation at a 810-nm wavelength with a power density of 22 mW/cm2 can send enough energy to allow regular commercial cardiac pacemakers to run for 24 h. The temperature rise of the skin during the light irradiation was 1.4 degrees C.
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Using a photodiode area of 2.1, roughly 17 min of NIR light exposure at a power density of 22 mW/cm was sufficient to power a commercial cardiac pacemaker for 24 h.
“For instance, using a photodiode area of 2.1 roughly 17 min of NIR light exposure at a power density of 22 mW/cm was sufficient to power a commercial cardiac pacemaker for 24 h (Goto et al., 2001).”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Goto et al., 2001
810-nm wavelength NIR light could effectively charge a lithium secondary battery embedded in an implant, providing a direct power supply.
“For instance, research at Osaka University has shown that 810-nm wavelength NIR light could effectively charge a lithium secondary battery embedded in the implant, providing a direct power supply (Goto et al., 2001).”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Goto et al., 2001
Some studies recorded a modest temperature rise of 1.4°C in the skin during light irradiation.
“While some studies have recorded a modest temperature rise of 1.4°C in the skin during light irradiation (Goto et al., 2001) others found no noticeable side effects or temperature changes during a 60-min charging period for cardiac pacemakers.”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Goto et al., 2001
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Khan, M., Singh, A. K., Iqbal, S. S., & Sharma, B. B. (2014) · IEEE International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS) · doi:10.1109/iciinfs.2014.7036487 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A Tunable Resonance Cantilever for Cardiac Energy Harvesting
Secord, T. W., & Audi, M. (2019) · Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13239-019-00402-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Justin, G. A., Sun, M., Zhang, Y., Cui, X. T., & Sclabassi, R. J. (2006) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2006.259280 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A Review of Wireless Charging Systems for Cardiac Pacemakers
Hueros, V., Barrado, A., Lázaro, A., & Fernández, C. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering · doi:10.1109/cpe-powereng58103.2023.10227381 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Review of Promising Methods of Supplying Power to Implantable Medical Devices
Zayats, V., Sergeev, I., & Fedorov, D. A. (2023) · Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10527-023-10263-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Issues in Wireless Intracranial Pressure Monitoring at Microwave Frequencies
Kawoos, U., Warty, R., Kralick, F., Tofighi, M.-R., & Rosen, A. (2007) · PIERS Online · doi:10.2529/piers060907234341 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Implications of wound healing on subcutaneous photovoltaic energy harvesting
Tholl, M., Spring, M., de Brot, S., Casoni, D. C., Zurbuchen, A., Tanner, H., & Haeberlin, A. (2022) · doi:10.48350/162429 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Goto, K., Nakagawa, T., Nakamura, O., & Kawata, S.
- Affiliations
- The University of Osaka (JP)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 2001-07
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 830-833
- ISSN
- 0018-9294 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2104708213
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
- Keywords
- implantable power sources, lithium-ion batteries, cardiac pacemaker
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Equipment Design, Humans, Infrared Rays, Lithium, Pacemaker, Artificial, Electric Power Supplies, Prostheses and Implants, Rats
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