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Cited by 349

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A first-order model for computation of laser-induced breakdown thresholds in ocular and aqueous media. I. Theory

Kennedy, P.K.·1995·IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics
DOI 10.1109/3.477753
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Abstract

An analytic, first-order model has been developed to calculate irradiance thresholds for laser-induced breakdown (LIB) in condensed media, including ocular and aqueous media. The model is derived from the simple rate equation formalism of Shen for cascade breakdown in solids and from the theory of multiphoton ionization in condensed media developed by Keldysh. Analytic expressions have been obtained for the irradiance thresholds corresponding to multiphoton breakdown, to cascade breakdown, and to initiation of cascade breakdown by multiphoton ionization of seed electrons (multiphoton initiation threshold). The model has been incorporated into a computer code and code results compared to experimentally measured irradiance thresholds for breakdown of ocular and aqueous media by nanosecond, picosecond, and femtosecond laser pulses in the visible and near-infrared. The code and comparison of code results to experiment have been documented in part II.

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Metadata

Authors
Kennedy, P. K.
Venue
IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published
1995
Volume
31
Issue
12
Pages
2241-2249
ISSN
0018-9197 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1109/3.477753
OpenAlex
W2082507526
Cited by
349
References
26
FWCI
8.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A first-order model for computation of laser-induced breakdown thresholds in ocular and aqueous media. I. Theory. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/3.477753
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Kennedy, P. K. (1995). A first-order model for computation of laser-induced breakdown thresholds in ocular and aqueous media. I. Theory. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. https://doi.org/10.1109/3.477753

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.