Cited by 1,189Semiconductor Lasers and Optical DevicesPhotonic and Optical DevicesInterconnection Networks and Systems

Rationale and challenges for optical interconnects to electronic chips

Miller, D.A.B.·2000·Proceedings of the IEEE

Abstract

The various arguments for introducing optical interconnections to silicon CMOS chips are summarized, and the challenges for optical, optoelectronic, and integration technologies are discussed. Optics could solve many physical problems of interconnects, including precise clock distribution, system synchronization (allowing larger synchronous zones, both on-chip and between chips), bandwidth and density of long interconnections, and reduction of power dissipation. Optics may relieve a broad range of design problems, such as crosstalk, voltage isolation, wave reflection, impedence matching, and pin inductance. It may allow continued scaling of existing architectures and enable novel highly interconnected or high-bandwidth architectures. No physical breakthrough is required to implement dense optical interconnects to silicon chips, though substantial technological work remains. Cost is a significant barrier to practical introduction, though revolutionary approaches exist that might achieve economies of scale. An Appendix analyzes scaling of on-chop global electrical interconnects, including line inductance and the skin effect, both of which impose significant additional constraints on future interconnects.

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Authors
Miller, D. A. B.
Affiliations
Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author
Miller, D.A.B.
Venue
Proceedings of the IEEE
Published
2000-06
Volume
88
Issue
6
Pages
728-749
ISSN
  • 0018-9219 (ISSN-L)
  • 1558-2256
OpenAlex
W2111655361
Cited by
1,189
References
136
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 62 · 2012: 67
FWCI
34.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Proceedings of the IEEE (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Photonic and Optical Devices
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Interconnection Networks and Systems
Keywords
optical interconnects, optoelectronic integration, clock distribution, system synchronization, crosstalk, voltage isolation, impedance matching, power dissipation, interconnect scaling, line inductance, skin effect

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