The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Secret and public key image watermarking schemes for image authentication and ownership verification
Abstract
We describe a watermarking scheme for ownership verification and authentication. Depending on the desire of the user, the watermark can be either visible or invisible. The scheme can detect any modification made to the image and indicate the specific locations that have been modified. If the correct key is specified in the watermark extraction procedure, then an output image is returned showing a proper watermark, indicating the image is authentic and has not been changed since the insertion of the watermark. Any modification would be reflected in a corresponding error in the watermark. If the key is incorrect, or if the image was not watermarked, or if the watermarked image is cropped, the watermark extraction algorithm will return an image that resembles random noise. Since it requires a user key during both the insertion and the extraction procedures, it is not possible for an unauthorized user to insert a new watermark or alter the existing watermark so that the resulting image will pass the test. We present secret key and public key versions of the technique.
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Cites
A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems
Rivest, R. L., Shamir, A., & Adleman, L. (1978) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/359340.359342 · Cited by 13,462
A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems
Rivest, R. L., Shamir, A., & Adleman, L. (1983) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/357980.358017 · Cited by 13,012
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
Cox, I. J., Kilian, J., Leighton, F. T., & Shamoon, T. (1997) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/83.650120 · Cited by 5,299
The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm
Rivest (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,853
Rivest, R. L. (1990) · doi:10.17487/rfc1186 · Cited by 607
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for images, audio and video
Cox, I. J., Kilian, J., Leighton, T., & Shamoon, T. (2002) · Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip.1996.560429 · Cited by 505
Counterfeiting attacks on oblivious block-wise independent invisible watermarking schemes
Holliman, M., & Memon, N. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/83.826780 · Cited by 431
Self-citationA public key watermark for image verification and authentication
Wong, P. W. (2002) · Proceedings 1998 International Conference on Image Processing. ICIP98 (Cat. No.98CB36269) · doi:10.1109/icip.1998.723526 · Cited by 344
Self-citationTransparent robust image watermarking
Swanson, M. D., Zhu, B., & Tewfik, A. H. (2002) · Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip.1996.560421 · Cited by 326
The trustworthy digital camera: restoring credibility to the photographic image
Friedman, G. L. (1993) · IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics · doi:10.1109/30.267415 · Cited by 321
Cited by
A secure and robust hash-based scheme for image authentication
Ahmed, F., Siyal, M. Y., & Uddin Abbas, V. (2010) · Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2009.05.024 · Cited by 189
An Overview of Digital Watermarking in Image Forensics
Zhou, G., & Lv, D. (2011) · 2011 Fourth International Joint Conference on Computational Sciences and Optimization · doi:10.1109/cso.2011.85 · Cited by 47
Metadata
- Authors
- Wong, P. W., & Memon, N.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
- Published
- 2001
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1593-1601
- ISSN
- 1057-7149 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2122014146
- Cited by
- 561
- References
- 13
- FWCI
- 17.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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