The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Bilateral control of teleoperators with time delay
Abstract
A control law for teleoperators is presented which overcomes the instability caused by time delay. By using passivity and scattering theory, a criterion is developed which shows why existing bilateral control systems are unstable for certain environments, and why the proposed bilateral control law is stable for any environment and any time delay. The control law has been implemented on a single-axis force-reflecting hand controller, and preliminary results are shown. To keep the presentation clear, a single-degree-of-freedom (DOF) linear time-invariant (LTI) teleoperator system is discussed. Nevertheless, results can be extended, without loss of generality, to an n-DOF nonlinear teleoperation system.>
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Yokokohji, Y., & Yoshikawa, T. (1994) · IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation · doi:10.1109/70.326566 · Cited by 939
Towards force-reflecting teleoperation over the Internet
Niemeyer, G., & Slotine, J.-J. E. (2002) · Proceedings. 1998 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.98CH36146) · doi:10.1109/robot.1998.680592 · Cited by 355
Toward Haptic Communications Over the 5G Tactile Internet
Antonakoglou, K., Xu, X., Steinbach, E., Mahmoodi, T., & Dohler, M. (2018) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2018.2851452 · Cited by 250
Position Tracking for Non-linear Teleoperators with Variable Time Delay
Nuño, E., Basañez, L., Ortega, R., & Spong, M. W. (2009) · The International Journal of Robotics Research · doi:10.1177/0278364908099461 · Cited by 242
Self-citationHinterseer, P., Hirche, S., Chaudhuri, S., Steinbach, E., & Buss, M. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tsp.2007.906746 · Cited by 213
Metadata
- Authors
- Anderson, R. J., & Spong, M. W.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
- Published
- 1989-05
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 494-501
- ISSN
- 0018-9286 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2561111412
- Cited by
- 2,128
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 16.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Bilateral control of teleoperators with time delay. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/9.24201
- The paper
- Anderson, R. J., & Spong, M. W. (1989). Bilateral control of teleoperators with time delay. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. https://doi.org/10.1109/9.24201
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.