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The Role of AI, Machine Learning, and Big Data in Digital Twinning: A Systematic Literature Review, Challenges, and Opportunities
Open accessAbstract
Digital twinning is one of the top ten technology trends in the last couple of years, due to its high applicability in the industrial sector. The integration of big data analytics and artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI-ML) techniques with digital twinning, further enriches its significance and research potential with new opportunities and unique challenges. To date, a number of scientific models have been designed and implemented related to this evolving topic. However, there is no systematic review of digital twinning, particularly focusing on the role of AI-ML and big data, to guide the academia and industry towards future developments. Therefore, this article emphasizes the role of big data and AI-ML in the creation of digital twins (DTs) or DT-based systems for various industrial applications, by highlighting the current state-of-the-art deployments. We performed a systematic review on top of multidisciplinary electronic bibliographic databases, in addition to existing patents in the field. Also, we identified development-tools that can facilitate various levels of the digital twinning. Further, we designed a big data driven and AI-enriched reference architecture that leads developers to a complete DT-enabled system. Finally, we highlighted the research potential of AI-ML for digital twinning by unveiling challenges and current opportunities.
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“High costs of implementation due to the increased amount of sensors and computational resources needed [10,18].”
From Digital Twin Technology Challenges and Applications: A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [18]
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Research on the architecture and practice of inquiry learning model integrated with digital twin
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Solmaz, A. Ş. (2025) · Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science · doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1603629 · Cited by 2
Urban digital twin for resilient urban planning: Opportunities and challenges in the Global South
Pazhuhan, M. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33333-0.00011-9 · Cited by 4
Mulongo, N. Y. (2025) · International Conference on Business Analytics for Technology and Security (ICBATS) · doi:10.1109/icbats66542.2025.11258539 · Cited by 2
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The Current Merging Principles for Digital Twinning and Connecting Internet
Al‐Dhlan, K. A. (2022) · IETE Journal of Research · doi:10.1080/03772063.2021.2010609 · Cited by 1
RetractedBig Data Value Calculation Method Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Ma, W., & Hou, X. (2022) · Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience · doi:10.1155/2022/5356164 · Cited by 2
RetractedSymbolic Modeling (S-Modeling): an Introduction to Theory
Ilyin, V. D. (2022) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-09076-9_54 · Cited by 2
A review on the impact of AI as big data in computer network environment
Ayub, M., Mumtaz, A., Ahmad, U., & Abdullah, M. (2021) · Journal of Advances in Technology and Engineering Research · doi:10.20474/jater-7.2.3 · Cited by 2
Adaptive BIM/CIM for Digital Twining of Automated Shotcreting Process
Khan, R. M., Tomar, R., & Ibrahim, A. D. (2023) · Lecture notes in civil engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-44021-2_7 · Cited by 2
Metaverse with the Internet of Things: Convergence of Physical and Cyber Worlds
Hassan, A. (2023) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47448-4_10 · Cited by 2
Pliuhin, V., Zaklinskyy, S., Plankovskyy, S. I., Tsegelnyk, Y. V., Аксьонов, О. Б., & Комбаров, В. В. (2023) · International Journal of Mechatronics and Applied Mechanics · doi:10.17683/ijomam/issue14.22 · Cited by 3
A Survey of AI Integration in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Using Digital Twin Technology
Anandaraj, A. P. S., Dhivya, R. K., Ateeq, K., & Subramaniam, S. (2024) · Advances in business information systems and analytics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-1818-8.ch002 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Rathore, M. M., Shah, S. A., Shukla, D., Bentafat, E., & Bakiras, S.
- Affiliations
- Hamad bin Khalifa University (QA)
- University of Tartu (EE)
- University of New Brunswick (CA)
- Venue
- IEEE Access
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 32030-32052
- ISSN
- 2169-3536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3132985895
- Cited by
- 616
- References
- 157
- Citations by year
- 2026: 114 · 2025: 185 · 2024: 145 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 11
- FWCI
- 7.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Access (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Digital Transformation in Industry
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Impact of AI and Big Data on Business and Society
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Applied Advanced Technologies
- Keywords
- digital twin, artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data analytics, industrial applications, reference architecture, patents
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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