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The Role of AI, Machine Learning, and Big Data in Digital Twinning: A Systematic Literature Review, Challenges, and Opportunities
Open accessAbstract
Digital twinning is one of the top ten technology trends in the last couple of years, due to its high applicability in the industrial sector. The integration of big data analytics and artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI-ML) techniques with digital twinning, further enriches its significance and research potential with new opportunities and unique challenges. To date, a number of scientific models have been designed and implemented related to this evolving topic. However, there is no systematic review of digital twinning, particularly focusing on the role of AI-ML and big data, to guide the academia and industry towards future developments. Therefore, this article emphasizes the role of big data and AI-ML in the creation of digital twins (DTs) or DT-based systems for various industrial applications, by highlighting the current state-of-the-art deployments. We performed a systematic review on top of multidisciplinary electronic bibliographic databases, in addition to existing patents in the field. Also, we identified development-tools that can facilitate various levels of the digital twinning. Further, we designed a big data driven and AI-enriched reference architecture that leads developers to a complete DT-enabled system. Finally, we highlighted the research potential of AI-ML for digital twinning by unveiling challenges and current opportunities.
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“High costs of implementation due to the increased amount of sensors and computational resources needed [10,18].”
From Digital Twin Technology Challenges and Applications: A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as [18]
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Technical Challenges in Scaling Data Infrastructure
Divyeshkumar, V. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-8472-5.ch004 · Cited by 1
Towards Resilient Construction Logistics with Digital Twins
Massah, F. (2025) · Lecture notes in business information processing · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-79059-1_20
Razi, R., Ali, H., Colas, F., & François, B. (2024) · IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe · doi:10.1109/isgteurope62998.2024.10863783
Blackwell, C., & Rocke, S. (2024) · IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) · doi:10.1109/fie61694.2024.10893435
Capsule Networks and Innovation Performance in Resource-Based Firms
Ma, F., & Sun, S. (2025) · International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence · doi:10.4018/ijcini.370965
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Saridou, T. A., & Γεωργιάδου, Ε. (2025) · Ετήσιο Ελληνόφωνο Επιστημονικό Συνέδριο Εργαστηρίων Επικοινωνίας · doi:10.12681/cclabs.8071
Držečnik, M., & Klanšek, U. (2025) · Advances in business information systems and analytics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-6045-3.ch011
El-Sofany, H. F., El-Seoud, S. A., & El-Sofany, A. E. H. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-85652-5_49
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rathore, M. M., Shah, S. A., Shukla, D., Bentafat, E., & Bakiras, S.
- Affiliations
- Hamad bin Khalifa University (QA)
- University of Tartu (EE)
- University of New Brunswick (CA)
- Venue
- IEEE Access
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 32030-32052
- ISSN
- 2169-3536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3132985895
- Cited by
- 616
- References
- 157
- Citations by year
- 2026: 114 · 2025: 185 · 2024: 145 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 11
- FWCI
- 7.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Access (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Digital Transformation in Industry
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Impact of AI and Big Data on Business and Society
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Applied Advanced Technologies
- Keywords
- digital twin, artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data analytics, industrial applications, reference architecture, patents
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