A Comprehensive Review of AI Techniques for Resource Management in Fog Computing: Trends, Challenges and Future Directions
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Fog computing (FC), extending cloud services to the network edge, has emerged as a key paradigm for low-latency applications like the Internet of Things (IoT). However, efficient resource management, task scheduling, and load balancing pose challenges in fog environments. This review surveys recent research efforts aimed at addressing these challenges and optimizing FC performance. We conducted a systematic analysis of relevant research papers on FC published in reputable academic databases. The review focused on studies published between 2019 and 2024 and emphasized artificial intelligence based studies exploring resource management, task scheduling, and load balancing techniques within the FC domain. The review identifies a diverse range of techniques applied to optimize FC performance. These include machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) for resource allocation, heuristic algorithms for task scheduling, and nature-inspired meta-heuristics for load balancing. The review evaluates the strengths and limitations of these approaches, highlighting their impact on metrics like latency, energy consumption, and Quality of Service (QoS). This review demonstrates the significant progress made in optimizing FC through innovative techniques. ML and meta-heuristics have emerged as promising approaches for resource management, task scheduling, and load balancing, respectively. However, challenges persist in areas like real-world implementation complexities and ensuring service quality across geographically distributed fog networks. Future research directions are identified, emphasizing the need for further exploration of these challenges and the integration of emerging technologies like deep reinforcement learning for enhanced FC performance.
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State-of-the-art workload management algorithms demonstrate promising performance.
“However, the state-of-the-art workload management algorithms demonstrate promising performance [49].”
From Edge-Cloud Synergy for AI-Enhanced Sensor Network Data: A Real-Time Predictive Maintenance Framework (2024) · cites this paper as [49]
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Edge-Cloud Synergy for AI-Enhanced Sensor Network Data: A Real-Time Predictive Maintenance Framework
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“However, the state-of-the-art workload management algorithms demonstrate promising performance [49].”
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Heuristic-Flexible Ant Colony Optimization for Efficient Task Offloading in Fog Computing
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Edge, Fog, and Cloud Computing in Industry 5.0
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He, S., Li, Q., Li, Z., & Zhao, Y. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW) · doi:10.1109/icdcsw63273.2025.00113
Machine Learning-Based Predictive Maintenance for Sustainable Smart Grids: A Case Study
Ali, S. M., Iqbal, M., Shah, S. Z., Shakir, D., khan, O., & Ali, I. (2025) · International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE) · doi:10.1109/icecce67514.2025.11257927
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- Authors
- Alsadie, D.
- Affiliations
- Umm al-Qura University (SA)
- Corresponding author
- Alsadie, Deafallah
- ORCID
- Alsadie, Deafallah
- Venue
- IEEE Access
- Published
- 2024
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 118007-118059
- ISSN
- 2169-3536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4401717574
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 162
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 3
- FWCI
- 13.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Access (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cloud Computing and Resource Management
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Hardware and Architecture › Energy Efficiency in Computing
- Keywords
- fog computing, resource management, task scheduling, load balancing, artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, metaheuristic optimization, bio-inspired algorithms, Internet of Things, deep reinforcement learning, quality of service, energy consumption, latency
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