Explaining Any Time Series Classifier
Abstract
We present a method to explain the decisions of black box models for time series classification. The explanation consists of factual and counterfactual shapelet-based rules revealing the reasons for the classification, and of a set of exemplars and counter-exemplars highlighting similarities and differences with the time series under analysis. The proposed method first generates exemplar and counter-exemplar time series in the latent feature space and learns a local latent decision tree classifier. Then, it selects and decodes those respecting the decision rules explaining the decision. Finally, it learns on them a shapelet-tree that reveals the parts of the time series that must, and must not, be contained for getting the returned outcome from the black box. A wide experimentation shows that the proposed method provides faithful, meaningful and interpretable explanations.
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Various techniques have been proposed to analyze longitudinal data with XAI, but most have not yet been extensively applied to real-world clinical questions.
“Similarly, various techniques have been proposed to analyze longitudinal data with XAI57,87–90, but most have not yet been extensively applied to real-world clinical questions.”
From Orchestrating explainable artificial intelligence for multimodal and longitudinal data in medical imaging (2024) · cites this paper as [90]
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- Authors
- Guidotti, R., Monreale, A., Spinnato, F., Pedreschi, D., & Giannotti, F.
- Affiliations
- Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione "Alessandro Faedo" (IT)
- University of Pisa (IT)
- Venue
- 2020 IEEE Second International Conference on Cognitive Machine Intelligence (CogMI)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2020-10
- Pages
- 167-176
- OpenAlex
- W3121603028
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 2.39
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Machine Intelligence (CogMI) (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion)
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Community H2020 programme (INFRAIA-01-2018-2019)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Time Series Analysis and Forecasting
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Data Mining Algorithms and Applications
- Keywords
- explainable AI, time series classification, black-box models, shapelets, counterfactual explanations, latent space, interpretability
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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