Learning Unsupervised Metaformer for Anomaly Detection
Abstract
Anomaly detection (AD) aims to address the task of classification or localization of image anomalies. This paper addresses two pivotal issues of reconstruction-based approaches to AD in images, namely, model adaptation and reconstruction gap. The former generalizes an AD model to tackling a broad range of object categories, while the latter provides useful clues for localizing abnormal regions. At the core of our method is an unsupervised universal model, termed as Metaformer, which leverages both meta-learned model parameters to achieve high model adaptation capability and instance-aware attention to emphasize the focal regions for localizing abnormal regions, i.e., to explore the reconstruction gap at those regions of interest. We justify the effectiveness of our method with SOTA results on the MVTec AD dataset of industrial images and highlight the adaptation flexibility of the universal Metaformer with multi-class and few-shot scenarios.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Few-shot anomaly detection is still in its infancy.
“Few-shot anomaly detection (FSAD) [139, 140] is still in its infancy.”
From Deep Industrial Image Anomaly Detection: A Survey (2024) · cites this paper as [139]
Cites
Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.90 · Cited by 235,474 · see citing works
Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., Uszkoreit, J., Jones, L., Gomez, A. N., Kaiser, L., & Polosukhin, I. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1706.03762 · Cited by 120,404 · see citing works
Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity
Wang, Z., Bovik, A. C., Sheikh, H. R., & Simoncelli, E. P. (2004) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2003.819861 · Cited by 57,892 · see citing works
Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning for Fast Adaptation of Deep Networks
Finn, C., Abbeel, P., & Levine, S. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1703.03400 · Cited by 8,512 · see citing works
Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networks
Kirkpatrick, J., Pascanu, R., Rabinowitz, N., Veness, J., Desjardins, G., Rusu, A. A., Milan, K., Quan, J., Ramalho, T., Grabska-Barwinska, A., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1611835114 · Cited by 7,899 · see citing works
Variational Inference with Normalizing FlowsPreprint
Rezende, D. J., & Mohamed, S. (2015) · International Conference on Machine Learning · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1505.05770 · Cited by 5,748 · see citing works
Unsupervised Anomaly Detection with Generative Adversarial Networks to Guide Marker Discovery
Schlegl, T., Seeböck, P., Waldstein, S. M., Schmidt-Erfurth, U., & Langs, G. (2017) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59050-9_12 · Cited by 2,627 · see citing works
Global Contrast Based Salient Region Detection
Cheng, M., Mitra, N. J., Huang, X., Torr, P. H. S., & Hu, S. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2014.2345401 · Cited by 2,463 · see citing works
MVTec AD — A Comprehensive Real-World Dataset for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection
Bergmann, P., Fauser, M., Sattlegger, D., & Steger, C. (2019) · 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2019.00982 · Cited by 2,203 · see citing works
Gong, D., Liu, L., Le, V., Saha, B., Mansour, M. R., Venkatesh, S., & Van Den Hengel, A. (2019) · 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2019.00179 · Cited by 1,930 · see citing works
Ruff, L., Vandermeulen, R. A., Görnitz, N., Deecke, L., Siddiqui, S. A., Binder, A., Müller, E., & Kloft, M. (2018) · International Conference on Machine Learning · Cited by 1,719 · see citing works
Meshed-Memory Transformer for Image Captioning
Cornia, M., Stefanini, M., Baraldi, L., & Cucchiara, R. (2020) · 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.01059 · Cited by 1,259 · see citing works
Learning Texture Transformer Network for Image Super-Resolution
Yang, F., Yang, H., Fu, J., Lu, H., & Guo, B. (2020) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00583 · Cited by 1,034 · see citing works
Uninformed Students: Student-Teacher Anomaly Detection With Discriminative Latent Embeddings
Bergmann, P., Fauser, M., Sattlegger, D., & Steger, C. (2020) · 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00424 · Cited by 990 · see citing works
Improving Unsupervised Defect Segmentation by Applying Structural Similarity to Autoencoders
Bergmann, P., Löwe, S., Fauser, M., Sattlegger, D., & Steger, C. T. (2019) · International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications (VISIGRAPP) · doi:10.5220/0007364503720380 · Cited by 819 · see citing works
Reconstruction by inpainting for visual anomaly detection
Zavrtanik, V., Kristan, M., & Skočaj, D. (2020) · Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2020.107706 · Cited by 752 · see citing works
Saliency Detection via Dense and Sparse Reconstruction
Li, X., Lu, H., Zhang, L., Ruan, X., & Yang, M. (2013) · IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2013.370 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Pyramid Feature Attention Network for Saliency Detection
Zhao, T., & Wu, X. (2019) · Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2019.00320 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
GANomaly: Semi-supervised Anomaly Detection via Adversarial Training
Akçay, S., Atapour–Abarghouei, A., & Breckon, T. P. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20893-6_39 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Saliency Detection via Absorbing Markov Chain
Jiang, B., Zhang, L., Lu, H., Yang, C. F., & Yang, M. (2013) · IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2013.209 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
OCGAN: One-Class Novelty Detection Using GANs With Constrained Latent Representations
Perera, P., Nallapati, R., & Xiang, B. (2019) · 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2019.00301 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Latent Space Autoregression for Novelty Detection
Abati, D., Porrello, A., Calderara, S., & Cucchiara, R. (2019) · 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2019.00057 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Same Same But DifferNet: Semi-Supervised Defect Detection with Normalizing Flows
Rudolph, M., Wandt, B., & Rosenhahn, B. (2021) · 2021 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) · doi:10.1109/wacv48630.2021.00195 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Deep Anomaly Detection Using Geometric TransformationsPreprint
Golan, I., & El‐Yaniv, R. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1805.10917 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Surface defect saliency of magnetic tile
Huang, Y., Qiu, C., & Yuan, K. (2018) · The Visual Computer · doi:10.1007/s00371-018-1588-5 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Deep Structured Energy Based Models for Anomaly Detection
Zhai, S., Cheng, Y., Lu, W., & Zhang, Z. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1605.07717 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Generative Probabilistic Novelty Detection with Adversarial Autoencoders
Pidhorskyi, S., Almohsen, R., Adjeroh, D. A., & Doretto, G. (2018) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1807.02588 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Attention Guided Anomaly Localization in Images
Venkataramanan, S., Peng, K.-C., Singh, R. V., & Mahalanobis, A. (2020) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58520-4_29 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Online Meta-LearningPreprint
Finn, C., Rajeswaran, A., Kakade, S. M., & Levine, S. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1902.08438 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Deep Unsupervised Saliency Detection: A Multiple Noisy Labeling Perspective
Zhang, J., Zhang, T., Daf, Y., Harandi, M. T., & Hartley, R. I. (2018) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2018.00941 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
PolyTransform: Deep Polygon Transformer for Instance Segmentation
Liang, J., Homayounfar, N., Ma, W.-C., Xiong, Y., Hu, R., & Urtasun, R. (2020) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00915 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Automatic detection and classification of the ceramic tiles’ surface defects
Hanzaei, S. H., Afshar, A., & Barazandeh, F. (2016) · Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2016.11.021 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Encoding Structure-Texture Relation with P-Net for Anomaly Detection in Retinal Images
Zhou, K., Xiao, Y., Yang, J., Cheng, J., Liu, W., Luo, W., Gu, Z., Liu, J., & Gao, S. (2020) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58565-5_22 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Sketchformer: Transformer-Based Representation for Sketched Structure
Ribeiro, L. S. F., Bui, T., Collomosse, J. P., & Ponti, M. A. (2020) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.01416 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Skip-GANomaly: Skip Connected and Adversarially Trained Encoder-Decoder Anomaly Detection
Akcay, S., Atapour-Abarghouei, A., & Breckon, T. P. (2019) · 2019 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2019.8851808 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Unsupervised Meta-Learning of Figure-Ground Segmentation via Imitating Visual Effects
Chen, D.-J., Chien, J.-T., Chen, H.-T., & Liu, T.-L. (2019) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33018159 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationGradient-based Hyperparameter Optimization through Reversible Learning
Maclaurin, D., Duvenaud, D., & Adams, R. P. (2015) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1502.03492
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Anomaly Detection via Reverse Distillation from One-Class Embedding
Deng, H., & Li, X. (2022) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr52688.2022.00951 · Cited by 959 · see citing works
Deep Industrial Image Anomaly Detection: A Survey
Liu, J., Xie, G., Wang, J., Li, S., Wang, C., Zheng, F., & Jin, Y. (2024) · Machine Intelligence Research · doi:10.1007/s11633-023-1459-z · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Registration Based Few-Shot Anomaly Detection
Huang, C., Guan, H., Jiang, A., Zhang, Y., Spratling, M., & Wang, Y.-F. (2022) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-20053-3_18 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Self-supervised Sparse Representation for Video Anomaly Detection
Wu, J.-C., Hsieh, H., Chen, D.-J., Fuh, C., & Liu, T.-L. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-19778-9_42 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Self-citationAdapting Visual-Language Models for Generalizable Anomaly Detection in Medical Images
Huang, C., Jiang, A., Feng, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, X., & Wang, Y. (2024) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr52733.2024.01081 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
FastRecon: Few-shot Industrial Anomaly Detection via Fast Feature Reconstruction
Fang, Z., Wang, X., Li, H., Liu, J., Hu, Q., & Xiao, J. (2023) · IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv51070.2023.01603 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Toward Generalist Anomaly Detection via In-Context Residual Learning with Few-Shot Sample Prompts
Zhu, J., & Pang, G. (2024) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr52733.2024.01688 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Nearest Neighbor Guidance for Out-of-Distribution Detection
Park, J., Jung, Y. G., & Teoh, A. B. J. (2023) · IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv51070.2023.00162 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Li, H., Hu, J., Li, B., Chen, H., Zheng, Y., & Shen, C. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2024.3448263 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Djenouri, Y., Belbachir, A. N., Michalak, T., Belhadi, A., & Srivastava, G. (2024) · Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2024.108350 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Focus the Discrepancy: Intra- and Inter-Correlation Learning for Image Anomaly Detection
Yao, X., Li, R., Qian, Z., Luo, Y., & Zhang, C. (2023) · IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv51070.2023.00626 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
One-for-All: Proposal Masked Cross-Class Anomaly Detection
Yao, X., Zhang, C., Li, R., Sun, J., & Liu, Z. (2023) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v37i4.25604 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Tong, G., Li, Q., & Song, Y. (2023) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2023.110611 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Pixel-Level Anomaly Detection via Uncertainty-aware Prototypical Transformer
Huang, C., Liu, C., Zhang, Z., Wu, Z.-H., Wen, J., Jiang, Q., & Xu, Y. (2022) · ACM Multimedia · doi:10.1145/3503161.3548082 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-supervised Feature Adaptation for 3D Industrial Anomaly Detection
Tu, Y., Zhang, B., Liu, L., Li, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Wang, C., & Zhao, C. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-72627-9_5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
From data analysis to intelligent maintenance: a survey on visual defect detection in aero-engines
Wu, P., Li, H., Luo, X., Hu, L., Yang, R., & Zeng, N. (2025) · Measurement Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/1361-6501/add6c8 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Moon, J., Noh, Y., Jung, S., Lee, J., & Hwang, E. (2023) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106099 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Tong, G., Li, Q., & Song, Y. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Big Data · doi:10.1109/tbdata.2024.3350539 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Anomaly Detection using Score-based Perturbation Resilience
Shin, W., Lee, J., Lee, T.-H., Lee, S., & Yun, J. P. (2023) · IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv51070.2023.02136 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Asymmetric Teacher–Student Feature Pyramid Matching for Industrial Anomaly Detection
Zhu, J., Yan, P., Jiang, J., Cui, Y., & Xu, X. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3338681 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Foundation models and Transformers for anomaly detection: A survey
Ammar, M. B., Mendoza, A., Belkhir, N., Antoine Manzanera, B., & Franchi, G. (2025) · Information Fusion · doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2025.103517 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
ADPS: Asymmetric Distillation Postsegmentation for Image Anomaly Detection
Xing, P., Tang, H., Tang, J., & Li, Z. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2024.3390806 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Few-Shot Anomaly Detection via Category-Agnostic Registration Learning
Huang, C., Guan, H., Jiang, A., Wang, Y.-F., Spratling, M., Wang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2024.3465446 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Zuo, Z., Wu, Z., Chen, B., & Zhong, X. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp48485.2024.10446766 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Biegel, T., Helm, P., Jourdan, N., & Metternich, J. (2023) · Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing · doi:10.1007/s10845-023-02156-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Chen, F., Qin, Z., Zhou, M., Zhang, Y., Deng, S., Fan, L., Pang, G., & Wen, Q. (2024) · International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) · doi:10.1145/3589334.3645472 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dual-student knowledge distillation for visual anomaly detection
Hao, J., Huang, K., Chen, C., & Mao, J. (2024) · Complex & Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1007/s40747-024-01412-4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
An, S., Kim, J., Kim, S., Chikontwe, P., Jung, J., Jeon, H., & Park, S. H. (2024) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2024.124890 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Yu, J., Gao, X., Wang, T., Lu, H., Li, B., Zhai, F., Xue, B., & Meng, Z. (2025) · Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2025.110894 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
MÆIDM: multi-scale anomaly embedding inpainting and discrimination for surface anomaly detection
Sheng, S., Jing, J., Jiao, X. T., Wang, Y., & Dong, Z. (2023) · Machine Vision and Applications · doi:10.1007/s00138-023-01425-y · Cited by 11 · see citing works
XDNet: A Few-Shot Meta-Learning Approach for Cross-Domain Visual Inspection
Lee, X. Y., Vidyaratne, L., Alam, M., Farahat, A., Ghosh, D., Diaz, T. G., & Gupta, C. (2023) · IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW) · doi:10.1109/cvprw59228.2023.00460 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Uncertainty-aware prototypical learning for anomaly detection in medical images
Huang, C., Shi, Y., Zhang, B., & Lyu, K. (2024) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2024.106284 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-Supervised Autoencoders for Visual Anomaly Detection
Bauer, A., Nakajima, S., & Müller, K. (2024) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math12243988 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Few-shot anomaly detection with adaptive feature transformation and descriptor construction
Zhengnan, H. U., Xiangrui, Z. E. N. G., Li, Y., Yin, Z., Meng, E., Zhu, L., & Kong, X. (2024) · Chinese Journal of Aeronautics · doi:10.1016/j.cja.2024.06.007 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
CroSA: Unsupervised domain adaptation abnormal behavior detection via cross-space alignment
Mu, H., Zuo, X., Su, J., Hu, Y., Han, S., Qiao, B., Yuan, C., & Dang, L. (2025) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2024.126368 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Asynchronous Decentralized Federated Anomaly Detection for 6G Networks
Liu, Y., & Yang, K. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking · doi:10.1109/tccn.2025.3538020 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Meta-Learning Approach for Adaptive Anomaly Detection from Multi-Scenario Video Surveillance
Singh, D. K., Pant, D. R., Gautam, G., & Shrestha, B. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15126687 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Patch-Wise Augmentation for Anomaly Detection and Localization
Fan, L., Ding, Y., Pagnucco, M., & Song, Y. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp48485.2024.10446994 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Patch Matching for Few-Shot Industrial Defect Detection
Chen, R., Yu, G., Qin, Z., Song, K., Tu, J., Jiang, X., Liang, D., & Peng, C. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3413170 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
ADFormer: Generalizable Few-Shot Anomaly Detection With Dual CNN-Transformer Architecture
Zhu, B., Gu, Z., Zhu, G., Chen, Y., Tang, M., & Wang, J. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3522624 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Gangopadhyay, T., Hong, S., Roy, S., Shah, Y., & Cheong, L. L. (2023) · Journal of Manufacturing Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jmsy.2023.05.024 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Few-Shot Anomaly Detection via Personalization
Kwak, S., Jeong, J., Lee, H., Kim, W., Seo, D., Yun, W., Lee, W. J., & Shin, J. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3355021 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Learning Transferable Representations for Image Anomaly Localization Using Dense Pretraining
He, H., Erfani, S., Gong, M., & Ke, Q. (2024) · IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision · doi:10.1109/wacv57701.2024.00115 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Incremental self-supervised learning based on transformer for anomaly detection and localization
Jin, W., Guo, F., Wu, Q., & Zhu, L. (2025) · Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2025.111978 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
SK-RD4AD: Skip-Connected Reverse Distillation for Robust One-Class Anomaly Detection
Park, E., Kim, T., Kim, M., Lee, H., & Lee, G.-J. (2025) · IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW) · doi:10.1109/cvprw67362.2025.00379 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
LR-IAD: Mask-Free Industrial Anomaly Detection with Logical Reasoning
Zeng, P., Pang, F., Wang, Z., & Yang, A. (2025) · Proceedings · doi:10.1109/icdm65498.2025.00097 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
DewaterGAN: A Physics-Guided Unsupervised Image Water Removal for UAV in Coastal Zone
Yao, F., Tang, F., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, S., Zhong, G., & Zhang, J. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3481491 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Han, D., Xu, L., Zhou, M., Wan, J., Li, M., & Li, G. (2024) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2024.106906 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A recover-then-discriminate framework for robust anomaly detection
Xing, P., Zhang, D., Tang, J., & Li, Z. (2025) · Science China Information Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11432-024-4291-4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Transformer-based contrastive learning framework for image anomaly detection
Fan, W., Shangguan, W., & Chen, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/s13042-023-01840-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
An Improved Reverse Distillation Model for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection
Duc, N. V., Bach, H. H., & Trang, L. H. (2023) · International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (IMCOM) · doi:10.1109/imcom56909.2023.10035610 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Knowledge Guided Visual Transformers for Intelligent Transportation Systems
Belhadi, A., Djenouri, Y., Belbachir, A. N., Michalak, T., & Srivastava, G. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3520487 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Autoencoder-Like Knowledge Distillation Network for Anomaly Detection
Xu, C., Wang, B. J., Ni, D., Gan, J., Wu, M., & Zhou, W. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3314199 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Memory guided dual discrepancy network with domain adaptation for few-shot anomaly detection
Zhang, F., Gong, L., Lin, S., & Zhao, Y. (2026) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2026.131711 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sea-CLIP: Mining Semantic-Aware Representations for Few-Shot Anomaly Detection with CLIP
Guo, X., Chen, Z., Castillo, C. D., Wang, H., & Liu, X. (2026) · IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision · doi:10.1109/wacv61042.2026.00360 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Enhancing Transfer Learning Reliability via Block-Wise Fine-Tuning
Barakat, B., & Huang, Q. (2023) · International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications · doi:10.1109/icmla58977.2023.00064 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
RDMS: Reverse distillation with multiple students of different scales for anomaly detection
Chen, Z., Lyu, C., Zhang, L., Li, S., & Xia, B. (2024) · IET Image Processing · doi:10.1049/ipr2.13210 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Uniformaly: Towards Task-Agnostic Unified Framework for Visual Anomaly DetectionPreprint
Lee, Y., Lim, H., Jang, S., & Yoon, H. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4586132 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cross‐class pest and disease vegetation detection based on small sample registration
Liu, J., Linfeng, W., Yunsheng, W., Mingming, A., Wenfei, J., & Xu, S. (2023) · IET Image Processing · doi:10.1049/ipr2.12779 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Deep support vector data description based on correntropy for few-shot anomaly detection
Shang, Q., Yang, J., Fu, F., & Ma, J. (2025) · Digital Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/j.dsp.2025.105074 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Accurate Industrial Anomaly Detection and Localization Using Weakly-Supervised Residual Transformers
Li, H., Wu, J., Liu, D., Wu, L. Y., Chen, H., & Shen, C. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/tip.2026.3659337 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationLuo, A., Wen, G., Chen, Z., & Liu, X. (2025) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2025.3578508 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dual-Path Frequency Discriminators for Few-Shot Anomaly DetectionPreprint
Bai, Y., Zhang, J., Dong, Y., Cao, Y., & Tian, G. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4862099 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dual-Teacher Network with SSIM Based Reverse Distillation for Anomaly Detection
Li, W., Huang, R., & Wang, Z. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-8493-6_19 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Towards Zero-shot 3D Anomaly Localization
Wang, Y., Peng, K., & Fu, Y. (2025) · IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision · doi:10.1109/wacv61041.2025.00148 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Neurosymbolic Visual Transform Based on Logic Tensor Network for Defect Detection
Djenouri, Y., Belbachir, A. N., Belhadi, A., & Michalak, T. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-92805-5_2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zuo, Z., Dong, J., Wu, Y., Qu, Y., & Wu, Z. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3572438 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Prior-Guided Feature Sampling and Restoration for Few-Shot Industrial Anomaly Detection
Hu, X., & Yang, H. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering · doi:10.1109/tase.2026.3670014 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhang, F., Pan, B., Wang, Y., Zhou, C., Zhao, Y., & Duan, J. (2026) · Measurement Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/1361-6501/ae527b · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Song, J., Wang, J., Nguyen, A. T., Byeon, K., Ahn, S., Lee, S. H., & Kwak, J. T. (2025) · IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv51701.2025.02049 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Anomaly Detection Algorithm Based on Multi-scale Bidirectional Distillation
Bao, S., Wei, S., & Chen, Z. (2024) · Asia-Pacific Conference on Image Processing, Electronics and Computers (IPEC) · doi:10.1109/ipec61310.2024.00081 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
FGSNet: A Finer-Grained Siamese Network for Industrial Few-Shot Anomaly Detection
Han, D., Xu, L., Zhou, M., Li, G., & Li, M. (2024) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/smc54092.2024.10831932 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Hierarchical Flow for Few-shot Anomaly Detection via Global-local Aggregation Strategy
Wan, Y., Fan, T., & Yao, L. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10889988 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jawale, J., Shah, K., & Balsara, D. D. (2025) · International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development · doi:10.23919/indiacom66777.2025.11115532 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
INTELLIGENT TELEMETRY DATA PROCESSING, VISUAL INSPECTION ON VIDEO AND LASER SCANNING DATA
Fralenko, V. P., & Shishkin, O. G. (2022) · Современные наукоемкие технологии (Modern High Technologies) · doi:10.17513/snt.39018
Adapsyn: Anomaly Detection Based on Triplet Training with Adaptive Anomaly Synthesis (Chinamm2024)Preprint
Zhou, S., Lin, C., Chen, Z., Guo, B., & Zhao, Y. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4889011
Few-Shot Industrial Anomaly Detection via Proxy Task Learning on Normal Samples
He, S., Xu, R., Huang, W., Chen, Y., & Wang, L. (2024) · IEEE Smart World Congress (SWC) · doi:10.1109/swc62898.2024.00220
A Diffusion-Based Framework with Feature Retrieval for Multi-Class Industrial Anomaly Detection
Chen, J., Zhang, R., & Zhong, G. (2025) · International Conference on Information Science, Electrical and Automation Engineering (ISEAE) · doi:10.1109/iseae64934.2025.11041745
Efficient Industrial Anomaly Detection via Knowledge Distillation
Zhang, Y., Zhu, J., Gu, X., & Li, M. (2025) · International Conference on Computer Vision, Image and Deep Learning (CVIDL) · doi:10.1109/cvidl65390.2025.11085554
Dscd: Dual-Student Collaborative Distillation for Industrial Anomaly DetectionPreprint
Ding, C., Xu, J., & Jiang, S. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5370573
C3L: Class-Centric Contrastive Learning for Long-Tailed Learning
Huang, K.-Y., Zou, L., Chen, C.-L., Ta, Y.-T., Liao, I.-B., Li, Y., & Cheng, W.-H. (2025) · International Conference on Information Technology and Education Technology (ITET) · doi:10.1109/itet65804.2025.11100929
Overview of AIGC Models for Industry Defect Detection
Xia, J., Zhu, B., Zhang, H., Li, Q., Ren, W., Dong, B., & Song, K. (2025) · International Conference on Electrical Technology and Automatic Control (ICETAC) · doi:10.1109/icetac65964.2025.11144040
Shared Knowledge Base for Multi Deep Learning in Defect Detection
Djenouri, Y., Belhadi, A., Srivastava, G., Belbachir, A. N., & Cano, A. (2025) · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn64981.2025.11229407
Unsupervised Anomaly Detection on Custom Silk-Screen Printing Patterns with Generative Models
Braccaioli, L., Corridori, C., & Conci, N. (2025) · European Workshop on Visual Information Processing · doi:10.1109/euvip66349.2025.11238859
A Deep-Supervised Knowledge Distillation Method for Industrial Anomaly Detection
He, Y., Sun, L., Li, Y., Liu, G., & Zhang, J. (2025) · International Conference on Signal Processing Systems (ICSPS) · doi:10.1109/icsps66615.2025.11347646
Transferring Vision-Language Models for Zero-Shot Anomaly Detection via Adaptive Feature Fusion
Quan, C., Shi, C., Qin, L., & Wu, G. (2025) · International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data (AIBDF) · doi:10.1109/aibdf67964.2025.11440857
Fine-Tuning CLIP Models with Convolutional Features for Medical Anomaly Detection
Fu, J., & Xue, M. (2025) · Asian Conference on Artificial Intelligence Technology (ACAIT) · doi:10.1109/acait67930.2025.11522646
Enhancing medical anomaly detection via text-adapted few-shot learning with visual-language models
Mao, K., Hou, S., Fang, H., Zhao, J., & Xiao, X. (2026) · The Visual Computer · doi:10.1007/s00371-026-04498-8
Deployment-Oriented Memory-Based Visual Inspection of Injection-Molded Parts
Raza, M. M., Ali, B. B., Qureshi, M. S., Rizvi, O., Anees, M., Khalid, A., Wasay, M. A., Hassan, W., & Ahsan, U. (2026) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-26217-2_16
Liu, L., & Wei, W. (2026) · Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences · doi:10.1007/s44443-026-01286-1
- Authors
- Wu, J.-C., Chen, D.-J., Fuh, C.-S., & Liu, T.-L.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica (TW)
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- Venue
- 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2021-10
- Pages
- 4349-4358
- OpenAlex
- W3202233540
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 6.24
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Neural Network Applications
- Keywords
- image anomaly detection, MetaFormer, model adaptation, anomaly localization, few-shot learning, multi-class anomaly detection, MVTec AD
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review