The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Capacitor Voltage Estimation Scheme With Reduced Number of Sensors for Modular Multilevel Converters
Open accessAbstract
This paper presents a new method to measure the voltage across the submodule (SM) capacitors in a modular multilevel converter (MMC). The proposed technique requires only one voltage sensor per arm. This reduces the number of sensors required compared with conventional sensor-based methods. Therefore, the cost and complexity of the system are reduced, which in turn improves the converter's overall reliability. The proposed method employs an exponentially weighted recursive least square algorithm to estimate the SM capacitor voltages through the measured total arm voltage and the switching patterns of each SM. There is thus no need for extra sensors to measure these control signals as they are directly provided from the controller. The robustness of the proposed method is confirmed via introducing deviations for the capacitance values, dynamic load changes, dc voltage change, and startup transient condition. Simulation and experimentally validated results based on a single-phase MMC show the effectiveness of the proposed method in both, steady-state and dynamic operations.
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In the citing paper
“The voltage balancing of these capacitors requires plenty of isolated voltage sensors and complex control [77].”
From A Review of Multilevel Inverter Topologies in Electric Vehicles: Current Status and Future Trends (2021) · cites this paper as [77]
In the citing paper
“In 2016, a six-level NPC inverter, using selective harmonic elimination (SHE) technique was designed and implemented as a traction inverter for the railway with an input DC voltage of 1500 V. It is shown that the efficiency of the implemented inverter has increased by at least 5% comparing to the conventional inverters [55].”
From A Review of Multilevel Inverter Topologies in Electric Vehicles: Current Status and Future Trends (2021) · cites this paper as [55]
Citations
Cites
Circuit Topologies, Modeling, Control Schemes, and Applications of Modular Multilevel Converters
Perez, M. A., Bernet, S., Rodriguez, J., Kouro, S., & Lizana, R. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2014.2310127 · Cited by 1,346
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
A Review of Multilevel Inverter Topologies in Electric Vehicles: Current Status and Future Trends
Poorfakhraei, A., Narimani, M., & Emadi, A. (2021) · IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/ojpel.2021.3063550 · Cited by 424
“The voltage balancing of these capacitors requires plenty of isolated voltage sensors and complex control [77].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Abushafa, O. S. M., Gadoue, S. M., Dahidah, M. S. A., Atkinson, D. J., & Missailidis, P.
- Affiliations
- Sabratha University (LY)
- Aston University (GB)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- Venue
- IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2086-2097
- ISSN
- 2168-6777 (ISSN-L)
- 2168-6785
- OpenAlex
- W2786439040
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 1.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics (publishedVersion)
- Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University) (submittedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- Libyan Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and Scholar Program of Zawia and Sabratha Universities
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › HVDC Systems and Fault Protection
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Multilevel Inverters and Converters
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced DC-DC Converters
- Keywords
- modular multilevel converter, sensorless estimation, switching patterns, reduced sensor count, dynamic load changes, start-up transient
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