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Creation and Detection of Vector Vortex Modes for Classical and Quantum Communication
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Vector vortex beams are structured states of light that are nonseparable in their polarisation and spatial mode, they are eigenmodes of free-space and many fiber systems, and have the capacity to be used as information carriers for both classical and quantum communication. Here, we outline recent progress in our understanding of these modes, from their creation to their characterization and detection. We then use these tools to study their propagation behavior in free-space and optical fiber and show that modal cross-talk results in a decay of vector states into separable scalar modes, with a concomitant loss of information. We present a comparison between probabilistic and deterministic detection schemes showing that the former, while ubiquitous, negates the very benefit of increased dimensionality in quantum communication while reducing signal in classical communication links. This work provides a useful introduction to the field as well as presenting new findings and perspectives to advance it further.
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“there have been pioneering work with structured light for quantum information processing [21][22][23] that include the first highdimensional entanglement with spatial modes for communications 24 and self-healing quantum states.25”
From Toward a quantum future for South Africa (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
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Karmakar, A., Patra, B. K., & Brundavanam, M. M. (2026) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0315243
Daza-Salgado, D., Medina-Segura, E., & Rosales-Guzmán, C. (2026) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.599988
Mendieta-Jiménez, F. J., Arvizu‐Mondragón, A., López-Mercado, C. A., & Muraoka-Espíritu, R. (2026) · Applied Physics B · doi:10.1007/s00340-026-08684-3
Total angular momentum coherent state fields
Aguirre-Olivas, D., Mellado-Villaseñor, G., Perez-García, B., & Rodríguez-Lara, B. M. (2026) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.603266
Geng, P.-F., Wu, Y., Fan, Z., Chen, M., Yi, L., yuan, X., Sheng, Z. M., Mori, W. B., Joshi, C., & Zhang, J. (2026) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.581855
Metadata
- Authors
- Ndagano, B., Nape, I., Cox, M. A., Rosales-Guzman, C., & Forbes, A.
- Affiliations
- University of the Witwatersrand (ZA)
- Venue
- Journal of Lightwave Technology
- Published
- 2018-01-15
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 292-301
- ISSN
- 0733-8724 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-2213
- OpenAlex
- W2753031330
- Cited by
- 312
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 21
- FWCI
- 13.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Journal of Lightwave Technology (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Random lasers and scattering media
- Keywords
- vector vortex beams, structured light, orbital angular momentum, free-space propagation, optical fiber propagation, probabilistic detection, quantum communication, classical communication
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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