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Creation and Detection of Vector Vortex Modes for Classical and Quantum Communication
Open accessAbstract
Vector vortex beams are structured states of light that are nonseparable in their polarisation and spatial mode, they are eigenmodes of free-space and many fiber systems, and have the capacity to be used as information carriers for both classical and quantum communication. Here, we outline recent progress in our understanding of these modes, from their creation to their characterization and detection. We then use these tools to study their propagation behavior in free-space and optical fiber and show that modal cross-talk results in a decay of vector states into separable scalar modes, with a concomitant loss of information. We present a comparison between probabilistic and deterministic detection schemes showing that the former, while ubiquitous, negates the very benefit of increased dimensionality in quantum communication while reducing signal in classical communication links. This work provides a useful introduction to the field as well as presenting new findings and perspectives to advance it further.
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“there have been pioneering work with structured light for quantum information processing [21][22][23] that include the first highdimensional entanglement with spatial modes for communications 24 and self-healing quantum states.25”
From Toward a quantum future for South Africa (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
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Goyal, S. K., Ibrahim, A. H., Roux, F. S., Konrad, T., & Forbes, A. (2016) · Journal of Optics · doi:10.1088/2040-8978/18/6/064002 · Cited by 37
Self-citationData transmission with twisted light through a free-space to fiber optical communication link
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Self-citationRen, Y., Fang, Z.-X., Gong, L., Huang, K., Chen, Y., & Lu, R. (2015) · Journal of Optics · doi:10.1088/2040-8978/17/12/125604 · Cited by 30
Classical characterization of biphoton correlation in waveguide lattices
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120 Gbit/s 2 × 2 Vector-Modes-Division- Multiplexing DD-OFDM-32QAM Free-Space Transmission
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Radially polarized cylindrical vector beams from a monolithic microchip laser
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Self-citationSpace division multiplexing in a basis of vector modes
Lavery, M. P. J., Milione, G., Nguyen, T. A., Huang, H., Xie, G., Nolan, D. A., Alfano, R. R., & Willner, A. E. (2014) · European Conference on Optical Communication · doi:10.1109/ecoc.2014.6964136 · Cited by 7
Modal decomposition for measuring the orbital angular momentum density of light
Schulze, C., Flamm, D. L., Dudley, A. L., Forbes, A., & Duparre, M. R. (2013) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.2004263 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- keiser, 2000, Optical Fiber Communications
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Optical vortices 30 years on: OAM manipulation from topological charge to multiple singularities
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Towards higher-dimensional structured light
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Self-citationA review of complex vector light fields and their applications
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Self-citationHigh-purity orbital angular momentum states from a visible metasurface laser
Sroor, H., Huang, Y., Sephton, B., Naidoo, D., Vallés, A., Ginis, V., Qiu, C., Ambrosio, A., Capasso, F., & Forbes, A. (2020) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-020-0623-z · Cited by 414
Self-citationPolino, E., Valeri, M., Spagnolo, N., & Sciarrino, F. (2020) · AVS Quantum Science · doi:10.1116/5.0007577 · Cited by 443
Metadata
- Authors
- Ndagano, B., Nape, I., Cox, M. A., Rosales-Guzman, C., & Forbes, A.
- Affiliations
- University of the Witwatersrand (ZA)
- Venue
- Journal of Lightwave Technology
- Published
- 2018-01-15
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 292-301
- ISSN
- 0733-8724 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-2213
- OpenAlex
- W2753031330
- Cited by
- 312
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 21
- FWCI
- 13.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Journal of Lightwave Technology (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Random lasers and scattering media
- Keywords
- vector vortex beams, structured light, orbital angular momentum, free-space propagation, optical fiber propagation, probabilistic detection, quantum communication, classical communication
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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