Making Sense from Snowden: What's Significant in the NSA Surveillance Revelations
Abstract
Did Edward Snowden cause irreparable harm, or did he reveal facts that should be publicly examined? What are the facts, anyhow? This article seeks to put the Snowden revelations in context, explaining what's new, why it matters, and what might happen next.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Blockchain may add value to different fields and evolve the existing Internet, enabling the transformation from the 'Internet of Information' to the 'Internet of Value' and the creation of a true peer-to-peer sharing economy.
“Blockchain may add value to different fields and evolve the existing Internet, enabling the transformation from the 'Internet of Information' to the 'Internet of Value' and the creation of a true peer-to-peer sharing economy [8].”
From A Review on the Application of Blockchain to the Next Generation of Cybersecure Industry 4.0 Smart Factories (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
Cites
Surveillance or Security?: The Risks Posed by New Wiretapping Technologies
Landau, S. M. (2011) · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationRisking Communications Security: Potential Hazards of the Protect America Act
Bellovin, S. M., Blaze, M., Diffie, W., Landau, S. M., Neumann, P. G., & Rexford, J. (2008) · IEEE Security & Privacy · doi:10.1109/msp.2008.17 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationLandau, S. M. (2011) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/8623.001.0001 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationUnclassified Report on the President's Surveillance Program
Fine, G. A., Heddell, G. S., Lewis, P. A., Ellard, G., & Mazer, R. A. (2009) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Criminal Prohibitions on the Publication of Classified Defense Information
Elsea, J. (2013) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A Review on the Use of Blockchain for the Internet of Things
Fernandez-Carames, T. M., & Fraga-Lamas, P. (2018) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2018.2842685 · Cited by 1,078 · see citing works
A survey of results on mobile phone datasets analysis
Blondel, V. D., Decuyper, A., & Krings, G. (2015) · EPJ Data Science · doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-015-0046-0 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Fernandez-Carames, T. M., & Fraga-Lamas, P. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2908780 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Bhushan, B., Sahoo, C., Sinha, P., & Khamparia, A. (2020) · Wireless Networks · doi:10.1007/s11276-020-02445-6 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Blockchain technology for social impact: opportunities and challenges ahead
Al-Saqaf, W., & Seidler, N. (2017) · Journal of Cyber Policy · doi:10.1080/23738871.2017.1400084 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
"What Can I Really Do?" : Explaining the Privacy Paradox with Online Apathy
Hargittai, E., & Marwick, A. (2016) · University of Southern California · doi:10.5167/uzh-148157 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
BDoS: Blockchain Denial-of-Service
Mirkin, M., Ji, Y., Pang, J., Klages‐Mundt, A., Eyal, I., & Juels, A. (2020) · ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS) · doi:10.1145/3372297.3417247 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
A Decentralized Trust Management System for Intelligent Transportation Environments
Chen, X., Ding, J., & Lu, Z. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2020.3013279 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Leveraging Big Data for the Development of Transport Sustainability Indicators
Cottrill, C., & Derrible, S. (2015) · Journal of Urban Technology · doi:10.1080/10630732.2014.942094 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Evaluating the privacy properties of telephone metadata
Mayer, J. R., Mutchler, P., & Mitchell, J. C. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1508081113 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Reproducible Builds: Increasing the Integrity of Software Supply Chains
Lamb, C., & Zacchiroli, S. (2021) · IEEE Software · doi:10.1109/ms.2021.3073045 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Ethical issues in research using datasets of illicit origin
Thomas, D., Pastrana, S., Hutchings, A., Clayton, R., & Beresford, A. R. (2017) · ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC) · doi:10.1145/3131365.3131389 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Woodruff, A., Pihur, V., Consolvo, S., Schmidt, L., Brandimarte, L., & Acquisti, A. (2018) · KiltHub Repository · doi:10.1184/r1/6472181 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Highlights from Making Sense of Snowden, Part II: What's Significant in the NSA Revelations
Landau, S. M. (2014) · IEEE Security & Privacy · doi:10.1109/msp.2013.161 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationHong, S. (2017) · Surveillance & Society · doi:10.24908/ss.v15i2.5441 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Kwon, K. H., & Rao, H. R. (2017) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2017.04.002 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Privacy behaviors after Snowden
Preibusch, S. (2015) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/2663341 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Anxiety about electronic data hacking
Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., & Hall, B. J. (2017) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-03-2016-0070 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
L’État plateforme et l’identification numérique des usagers
Alauzen, M. (2019) · Réseaux · doi:10.3917/res.213.0211 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ilia, P., Carminati, B., Ferrari, E., Fragopoulou, P., & Ioannidis, S. (2017) · ACM Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy (CODASPY) · doi:10.1145/3029806.3029834 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Simeonovski, M., Pellegrino, G., Rossow, C., & Michael Backes, A. (2017) · International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) · doi:10.1145/3038912.3052587 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
An Overview of DRAM-Based Security Primitives
Anagnostopoulos, N. A., Katzenbeisser, S., Chandy, J. A., & Tehranipoor, F. (2018) · Cryptography · doi:10.3390/cryptography2020007 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Unfalsifiability of security claims
Herley, C. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1517797113 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Verhelst, H. M., Stannat, A., & Mecacci, G. (2020) · Science and Engineering Ethics · doi:10.1007/s11948-020-00254-w · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Encryption is Not Enough: Inferring User Activities on KakaoTalk with Traffic Analysis
Park, K., & Kim, H. (2016) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31875-2_21 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Battista, D., & Uva, G. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15054144 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Schaub, F., Könings, B., Lang, P., Wiedersheim, B., Winkler, C., & Weber, M. (2014) · ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) · doi:10.1145/2632048.2632087 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Tracing the traces: The critical role of metadata within networked communications
Mayernik, M. S., & Acker, A. (2017) · Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.23927 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Political engagement and ICTs: Internet use in marginalized communities
Nemer, D., & Tsikerdekis, M. (2017) · Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.23779 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Cross-cultural and gender associations with anxiety about electronic data hacking
Elhai, J. D., Chai, S., Amialchuk, A. A., & Hall, B. J. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.002 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sounding the Alarm: The Political Economy of Whistleblowing in the US Security State
Coyne, C. J., Goodman, N. P., & Hall, A. R. (2018) · Peace Economics Peace Science and Public Policy · doi:10.1515/peps-2018-0024 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Blockchain as a solution for security attacks in named data networking of things
Goyal, S., Sharma, N., Kaushik, I., & Bhushan, B. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821255-4.00010-9 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
We Have Never Been Open: Activism and Cryptography in Surveillance Societies
Taffel, S. (2015) · Media peripheries : · doi:10.11157/medianz-vol14iss2id97 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Big Data: Some Ethical Concerns for the Social Sciences
Weinhardt, M. (2021) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci10020036 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Acker, A. (2015) · IEEE Annals of the History of Computing · doi:10.1109/mahc.2015.68 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Leaky Apps and Data Shots: Technologies of Leakage and Insertion in NSA-Surveillance
van der Velden, L. (2015) · Surveillance & Society · doi:10.24908/ss.v13i2.5315 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Walsh, D., Parisi, J. M., & Passerini, K. (2015) · Electronic Commerce Research · doi:10.1007/s10660-015-9187-2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bustard, J. D. (2015) · IEEE Signal Processing Magazine · doi:10.1109/msp.2015.2426682 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Security & Privacy Acceptance Framework (SPAF)
Das, S., Faklaris, C., Hong, J., & Dabbish, L. (2022) · Foundations and Trends® in Privacy and Security · doi:10.1561/3300000026 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The Handbook of Communication and Security
(2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781351180962 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Chariton, A. A., Degkleri, E., Papadopoulos, P., Ilia, P., & Markatos, E. P. (2016) · European Workshop on System Security · doi:10.1145/2905760.2905767 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Appelbaum, J., Martindale, C., & Wu, P. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23696-0_1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Mehta, B. B., Gupta, R., Rao, U. P., & Muthiyan, M. (2019) · International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT) · doi:10.1109/icccnt45670.2019.8944778 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Lindner, A. M., & Xiao, T. (2020) · Social Currents · doi:10.1177/2329496520919165 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Schengen Routing: A Compliance Analysis
Dönni, D., Machado, G. S., Tsiaras, C., & Stiller, B. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20034-7_11 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
SGKMP: A scalable group key management protocol
Ali, S., Rauf, A., Islam, N., Farman, H., Jan, B., Khan, M., & Ahmad, A. (2018) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2018.01.003 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Vulnerabilities and Cyberspace: A New Kind of Crises
van den Berg, B., & Kuipers, S. (2022) · Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1604 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Zubirán, P. D. L. L., Zubirán, M. A. D. L. L., & García, A. D. L. L. (2021) · Horizonte de la Ciencia · doi:10.26490/uncp.horizonteciencia.2022.22.1078 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Privacy is Not an Option: Attacking the IPv6 Privacy Extension
Ullrich, J., & Weippl, E. R. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26362-5_21 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The market's response toward privacy and mass surveillance: The Snowden aftermath
Patsakis, C., Charemis, A., Papageorgiou, A., Mermigas, D., & Pirounias, S. (2017) · Computers & Security · doi:10.1016/j.cose.2017.11.002 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Shakya, A. K., Ramola, A., Pokhariya, H. S., & Kandwal, A. (2019) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-6772-4_49 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Utilizing Public Blockchains for the Sybil-Resistant Bootstrapping of Distributed Anonymity Services
Matzutt, R., Pennekamp, J., Buchholz, E., & Wehrle, K. (2020) · ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security (ASIA CCS) · doi:10.1145/3320269.3384729 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Crypto-Governance: The Ethical Implications of Blockchain in Public Service
Heckler, N., & Kim, Y. (2020) · Public Integrity · doi:10.1080/10999922.2020.1848106 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Arsenault, A. C., Kreps, S. E., Snider, K. L. G., & Canetti, D. (2024) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/00223433241233960 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Beyond the security paradox: Ten criteria for a socially informed security policy
Pavone, V., Ball, K. S., Esposti, S. D., Dibb, S., & Gomez, E. (2017) · Public Understanding of Science · doi:10.1177/0963662517702321 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Ethics of Surveillance in Times of Emergency
Macnish, K., & Henschke, A. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192864918.001.0001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Accountability in Cloud Service Provision Ecosystems
Pearson, S. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11599-3_1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Big Brother in the Information Age: Concerns about Government Information Gathering over Time
Anthony, D. L., Stablein, T., & Carian, E. K. (2015) · IEEE Security & Privacy · doi:10.1109/msp.2015.70 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The ethics of whistleblowing: Creating a new limit on intelligence activity
Bellaby, R. W. (2017) · Journal of International Political Theory · doi:10.1177/1755088217712069 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Gray, J. M. (2015) · NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A survey of results on mobile phone datasets analysisPreprint
Blondel, V. D., Decuyper, A., & Krings, G. (2015) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1502.03406 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Aysan, A. F., & Al-Ansari, K. A. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4128096 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Magon, S. A., Illahi, A. A. C., Concepcion, R., Bandala, A. A., Vicerra, R. R. P., & Imbang, G. A. (2023) · IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON) · doi:10.1109/tencon58879.2023.10322531 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Privacy in Mobile and Pervasive Computing
Langheinrich, M., & Schaub, F. (2019) · Synthesis lectures on mobile and pervasive computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-02486-3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Privacy in Mobile and Pervasive Computing
Langheinrich, M., & Schaub, F. (2018) · Synthesis lectures on mobile and pervasive computing · doi:10.2200/s00882ed1v01y201810mpc013 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Global Integration, State Policy and the Media
Sparks, C. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137493958_4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
YODA: Covert Communication Channel over Public DNS Resolvers
Saha, S., Karapoola, S., Rebeiro, C., & Kamakoti, V. (2023) · International Conference on Dependable Systems & Networks/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/dsn58367.2023.00034 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Diesburg, S., Feldhaus, C. A., Fardan, M. A., Schlicht, J., & Ploof, N. (2016) · Workshop on Socio-Technical Aspects in Security and Trust (STAST) · doi:10.1145/3046055.3046057 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Pandemic Population Surveillance
Sorell, T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192864918.003.0002 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Nurturing Ob-Scene Politics: Surveillance Practices Between In/Visibilities and Disappearances
Fuster, G. G., Bellanova, R., & Gellert, R. (2015) · Surveillance & Society · doi:10.24908/ss.v13i3/4.5439 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Privacy in Location-Based Services
Herrmann, M. (2016) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Democracy and Ethics vs. Intelligence and Security: From WikiLeaks to Snowden
Konstantopoulos, I. L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-52168-8_1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A Survey on Blockchain Adaptability in IoT Environments
Anand, M. V., & Vijayalakshmi, S. (2021) · International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE) · doi:10.1109/icacite51222.2021.9404581 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Eide, E., & Lånkan, K. B. (2016) · Norsk medietidsskrift · doi:10.18261/issn.0805-9535-2016-03-04 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Security and Privacy in the Internet of Things Using Blockchain Technology
Spathoulas, G. P., & Karageorgopoulou, A. (2019) · International Conference on Distributed Computing in Smart Systems and the Internet of Things (DCOSS-IoT) · doi:10.1109/dcoss.2019.00067 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tor and the City: MSA-Level Correlates of Interest in Anonymous Web Browsing
Lindner, A. M., Pryciak, G., & Elsner, J. N. (2020) · Surveillance & Society · doi:10.24908/ss.v18i4.13235 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Predicting Mobile App Privacy Preferences with Psychographics
McNamara, A., Verma, A., Stallings, J. W., & Staddon, J. (2016) · ACM Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society (WPES) · doi:10.1145/2994620.2994631 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Towards a unified conceptual model for surveillance theories
Barn, B. S., & Barn, R. (2018) · IEEE/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Society (ICSE-SEIS) · doi:10.1145/3183428.3183429 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Containing Future Epidemics With Trustworthy Federated Systems for Ubiquitous Warning and Response
Carrillo, D., Nguyen, L. D., Nardelli, P. H. J., Pournaras, E., Morita, P. P., Rodríguez, D. Z., Dzaferagic, M., Šiljak, H., Jung, A., Hébert‐Dufresne, L., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Communications and Networks · doi:10.3389/frcmn.2021.621264 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Great Power Cyberpolitics and Global Cyberhegemony
Akdağ, Y. (2025) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592725000040 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Improving the android smartphone security against various malware threats
Hrestak, D., Picek, S., & Rumenjak, Z. (2015) · International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics · doi:10.1109/mipro.2015.7160474 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jansen, F., Gülmez, M., Kazansky, B., Bakari, N. A., Fernandez, C., Kingaby, H., & Mühlberg, J. T. (2023) · doi:10.21428/bf6fb269.b4704652 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
FedORAM: A Federated Oblivious RAM Scheme
Pujol, A., Murphy, L., & Thorpe, C. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3027516 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Surveillance, Surveillance Studies, and Cyber Criminality
Nussbaum, B. H., & Udoh, E. S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78440-3_16 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Burrows, G. (2016) · ANU Open Research (Australian National University) · doi:10.25911/5d76351c5336a · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Patterns of Terror: A Comparative Predictive Model
Olayinka, T. C., Adeniyi, L., Oghorodi, D., Kizito, A. E., Onyijen, O. H., Nwankwo, C. P., Olayinka, A. S., Nwankwo, W., & Ukaoha, K. C. (2024) · IEEE Nigeria International Conference on Disruptive Technologies for Sustainable Development (NIGERCON) · doi:10.1109/nigercon62786.2024.10927324 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Assessing the sovereignty and security of the Austrian internet
Plainer, F., Kieseberg, K., & Kieseberg, P. (2020) · International Conference on Software Security and Assurance (ICSSA) · doi:10.1109/icssa51305.2020.00011 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mihr, A. (2017) · SpringerBriefs in political science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-60093-2_7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Holding the Line: Responsibility, Digital Citizenship and the Platforms
Green, L., & Le, V. T. (2022) · Palgrave global media policy and business · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95220-4_5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Juror Interpretations of Metadata and Content Information: Implications for the Going Dark Debate
Boustead, A. E., & Kugler, M. B. (2021) · Journal of Cybersecurity · doi:10.1093/cybsec/tyad002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
An Analysis of Requirements and Privacy Threats in Mobile Data Donations
Reichert, L., & Scheuermann, B. (2023) · IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW) · doi:10.1109/eurospw59978.2023.00015 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Analysis of Network Threats Based on Data from Server-Traps
Sagatov, E. S., Shkirdov, D. A., & Sukhov, A. M. (2019) · IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS) · doi:10.1109/ntms.2019.8763847 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
On the Security of Practical Mail User Agents against Cache Side-Channel Attacks
Kim, H.-D., Yoon, H., Shin, Y., & Hur, J. (2020) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app10113770 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Understanding Business is Understanding Culture
Ambs, T., & Pipahl, K. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-30729-5_1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Intangible Costs of Data Breach Events
Sinanaj, G. (2018) · doi:10.53846/goediss-6676 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Contemplating Skill-Based Authentication
Renaud, K., Maguire, J., van Niekerk, J., & Kennes, D. (2014) · SAIEE Africa Research Journal · doi:10.23919/saiee.2014.8531918
The Networked Society - Challenges and Opportunities
Färjh, J. (2015) · ITU Kaleidoscope Academic Conference (ITU K) · doi:10.1109/kaleidoscope.2015.7383621
Tailoring Privacy-Aware Trustworthy Cooperating Smart Spaces for University Environments
Liampotis, N., Papadopoulou, E., Kalatzis, N., Roussaki, I. G., Kosmides, P., Sykas, E. D., Bental, D. S., & Taylor, N. K. (2015) · Advances in wireless technologies and telecommunication book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8732-5.ch016
Transnational women's networks: material and virtual spaces in Manila, Bangkok and Jakarta
Whitworth, O. S. S. (2016) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
- Authors
- Landau, S.
- Corresponding author
- Landau, Susan
- ORCID
- Landau, Susan
- Venue
- IEEE Security & Privacy
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 54-63
- ISSN
- 1540-7993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2096593673
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 70.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Security & Privacy (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Government of the United Kingdom
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Intelligence, Security, War Strategy
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
- Keywords
- Edward Snowden, NSA surveillance, government surveillance, mass data collection, privacy, national security, whistleblowing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review