The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Power Scaling Laws and Near-Field Behaviors of Massive MIMO and Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces
Open accessAbstract
The use of large arrays might be the solution to the capacity problems in wireless communications. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) grows linearly with the number of array elements N when using Massive MIMO receivers and half-duplex relays. Moreover, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) have recently attracted attention since these can relay signals to achieve an SNR that grows as N2, which seems like a major benefit. In this article, we use a deterministic propagation model for a planar array of arbitrary size, to demonstrate that the mentioned SNR behaviors, and associated power scaling laws, only apply in the far-field. They cannot be used to study the regime where N → ∞. We derive an exact channel gain expression that captures three essential near-field behaviors and use it to revisit the power scaling laws. We derive new finite asymptotic SNR limits but also conclude that these are unlikely to be approached in practice. We further prove that an IRS-aided setup cannot achieve a higher SNR than an equal-sized Massive MIMO setup, despite its faster SNR growth. We quantify analytically how much larger the IRS must be to achieve the same SNR. Finally, we show that an optimized IRS does not behave as an “anomalous” mirror but can vastly outperform that benchmark.
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Cites
Cooperative Diversity in Wireless Networks: Efficient Protocols and Outage Behavior
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Intelligent Reflecting Surface Enhanced Wireless Network via Joint Active and Passive Beamforming
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Towards Smart and Reconfigurable Environment: Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Wireless Network
Wu, Q., & Zhang, R. (2020) · IEEE Communications Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcom.001.1900107 · Cited by 4,308
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Communication
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Wireless Communications Through Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
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Energy and spectral efficiency of very large multiuser MIMO systems
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Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided Wireless Communications: A Tutorial
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Massive MIMO in the UL/DL of Cellular Networks: How Many Antennas Do We Need?
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Cited by
Prospective Multiple Antenna Technologies for Beyond 5G
Zhang, J., Bjornson, E., Matthaiou, M., Ng, D. W. K., Yang, H., & Love, D. J. (2020) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications · doi:10.1109/jsac.2020.3000826 · Cited by 877
Pei, X., Yin, H., Tan, L., Cao, L., Li, Z., Wang, K., Zhang, K., & Bjornson, E. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Communications · doi:10.1109/tcomm.2021.3116151 · Cited by 553
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: A signal processing perspective with wireless applications
Bjornson, E., Wymeersch, H., Matthiesen, B., Popovski, P., Sanguinetti, L., & de Carvalho, E. (2022) · IEEE Signal Processing Magazine · doi:10.1109/msp.2021.3130549 · Cited by 507
Self-citationReconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Localization: Position and Orientation Error Bounds
Elzanaty, A., Guerra, A., Guidi, F., & Alouini, M.-S. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tsp.2021.3101644 · Cited by 336
Basharat, S., Hassan, S. A., Pervaiz, H., Mahmood, A., Ding, Z., & Gidlund, M. (2021) · IEEE Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/mwc.011.2100016 · Cited by 319
Metadata
- Authors
- Bjornson, E., & Sanguinetti, L.
- Venue
- IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
- Published
- 2020
- Volume
- 1
- Pages
- 1306-1324
- ISSN
- 2644-125X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3006557588
- Cited by
- 423
- References
- 49
- FWCI
- 21.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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- Bjornson, E., & Sanguinetti, L. (2020). Power Scaling Laws and Near-Field Behaviors of Massive MIMO and Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society. https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2020.3020925
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