The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clinical Applications of Brain-Computer Interfaces: Current State and Future Prospects
Open accessAbstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) allow their users to communicate or control external devices using brain signals rather than the brain's normal output pathways of peripheral nerves and muscles. Motivated by the hope of restoring independence to severely disabled individuals and by interest in further extending human control of external systems, researchers from many fields are engaged in this challenging new work. BCI research and development have grown explosively over the past two decades. Efforts have recently begun to provide laboratory-validated BCI systems to severely disabled individuals for real-world applications. In this review, we discuss the current status and future prospects of BCI technology and its clinical applications. We will define BCI, review the BCI-relevant signals from the human brain, and describe the functional components of BCIs. We will also review current clinical applications of BCI technology, and identify potential users and potential applications. Finally, we will discuss current limitations of BCI technology, impediments to its widespread clinical use, and expectations for the future.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Brain–computer interfaces for communication and control
Wolpaw, J. R., Birbaumer, N., McFarland, D. J., Pfurtscheller, G., & Vaughan, T. M. (2002) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00057-3 · Cited by 7,927
Self-citationNeuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia
Hochberg, L. R., Serruya, M. D., Friehs, G. M., Mukand, J. A., Saleh, M., Caplan, A. H., Branner, A., Chen, D., Penn, R. D., & Donoghue, J. P. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04970 · Cited by 3,295
A spelling device for the paralysed
Birbaumer, N., Ghanayim, N., Hinterberger, T., Iversen, I., Kotchoubey, B., Kübler, A., Perelmouter, J., Taub, E., & Flor, H. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/18581 · Cited by 1,577
An efficient P300-based brain–computer interface for disabled subjects
Hoffmann, U., Vesin, J.-M., Ebrahimi, T., & Diserens, K. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.03.005 · Cited by 859
Cohen, D. (1972) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.175.4022.664 · Cited by 785
Toward enhanced p300 speller performance
Krusienski, D. J., Sellers, E. W., McFarland, D. J., Vaughan, T. M., & Wolpaw, J. R. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.07.017 · Cited by 749 · cited 1×
“The signal features extracted can be in the time-domain or the frequency-domain [6,11,49,77-80], or both [81].”
BackgroundA P300-based brain–computer interface for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Nijboer, F., Sellers, E. W., Mellinger, J., Jordan, M. A., Matuz, T., Furdea, A., Halder, S., Mochty, U., Krusienski, D. J., Vaughan, T. M., et al. (2008) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2008.03.034 · Cited by 633 · cited 2×
“Sellers et al. [19] and Nijboer et al. [92] have reported that ALS patients are able to communicate using a P300 speller.”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe thought translation device (TTD) for completely paralyzed patients
Birbaumer, N., Kubler, A., Ghanayim, N., Hinterberger, T., Perelmouter, J., Kaiser, J., Iversen, I., Kotchoubey, B., Neumann, N., & Flor, H. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/86.847812 · Cited by 493
Brain oscillations control hand orthosis in a tetraplegic
Pfurtscheller, G., Guger, C., Müller, G., Krausz, G., & Neuper, C. (2000) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01471-3 · Cited by 472
Kübler, A., & Birbaumer, N. (2008) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2008.06.019 · Cited by 441
Cited by
The grand challenges of Science Robotics
Yang, G.-Z., Bellingham, J., Dupont, P. E., Fischer, P., Floridi, L., Full, R., Jacobstein, N., Kumar, V., McNutt, M., Merrifield, R., et al. (2018) · Science Robotics · doi:10.1126/scirobotics.aar7650 · Cited by 1,177
Visual and Auditory Brain–Computer Interfaces
Gao, S., Wang, Y., Gao, X., & Hong, B. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2014.2300164 · Cited by 449
EEG-Based Brain-Controlled Mobile Robots: A Survey
Bi, L., Fan, X.-A., & Liu, Y. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems · doi:10.1109/tsmcc.2012.2219046 · Cited by 386
Progress in Brain Computer Interface: Challenges and Opportunities
Saha, S., Mamun, K. A., Ahmed, K., Mostafa, R., Naik, G. R., Darvishi, S., Khandoker, A. H., & Baumert, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2021.578875 · Cited by 365
Summary of over Fifty Years with Brain-Computer Interfaces—A Review
Kawala-Sterniuk, A., Browarska, N., Al-Bakri, A., Pelc, M., Zygarlicki, J., Sidikova, M., Martinek, R., & Gorzelanczyk, E. J. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11010043 · Cited by 292
Metadata
- Authors
- Mak, J. N., & Wolpaw, J. R.
- Venue
- IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 2
- Pages
- 187-199
- ISSN
- 1937-3333 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-1189
- OpenAlex
- W2107549039
- Cited by
- 509
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 9.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Clinical Applications of Brain-Computer Interfaces: Current State and Future Prospects. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/rbme.2009.2035356
- The paper
- Mak, J. N., & Wolpaw, J. R. (2009). Clinical Applications of Brain-Computer Interfaces: Current State and Future Prospects. IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1109/rbme.2009.2035356
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.