SoK: SSL and HTTPS: Revisiting Past Challenges and Evaluating Certificate Trust Model Enhancements
Open accessAbstract
Internet users today depend daily on HTTPS for secure communication with sites they intend to visit. Over the years, many attacks on HTTPS and the certificate trust model it uses have been hypothesized, executed, and/or evolved. Meanwhile the number of browser-trusted (and thus, de facto, user-trusted) certificate authorities has proliferated, while the due diligence in baseline certificate issuance has declined. We survey and categorize prominent security issues with HTTPS and provide a systematic treatment of the history and on-going challenges, intending to provide context for future directions. We also provide a comparative evaluation of current proposals for enhancing the certificate infrastructure used in practice.
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- Authors
- Clark, J., & van Oorschot, P. C.
- Affiliations
- Carleton University (CA)
- ORCID
- Clark, J.
- Venue
- 2013 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2013-05
- Pages
- 511-525
- ISSN
- 1081-6011 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2146752727
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 19.82
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Web Application Security Vulnerabilities
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Advanced Authentication Protocols Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Security and Verification in Computing
- Keywords
- HTTPS, SSL/TLS, certificate authority, certificate issuance, web security
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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