Battery Management System With State-of-Charge and Opportunistic State-of-Health for a Miniaturized Satellite
Abstract
The lifespan of a satellite is primarily dependent on its battery performance. Thus, proper management and monitoring of the battery is important. Most miniaturized satellites of cubeSat and nanosatellite primarily rely on battery voltage readings for monitoring and seldom provide battery health status in a satellite. As the voltage readings can be affected by satellite operating conditions such as temperature and battery lifespan, it can give unreliable readings that might jeopardize satellite operation. The availability of the battery health status can prevent unexpected battery failures and provide useful insights into the planning of satellite operations. In this article, the battery management system of a satellite with state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) monitoring is presented. For SOC estimation, a scaled unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is proposed. When compared to the existing UKF approach, it requires fewer sigma points and the positive weights used in the scaled unscented transform ensure the positive semidefiniteness of the covariance matrix leading to the improved numerical stability of the filter. Conversely, SOH monitoring is achieved by taking advantage of the opportunity arising from the satellite operations. The battery parameters are extracted without artificially injecting charge and discharge pulses. To validate the performance of the BMS, the experimental prelaunch tests and the actual in-flight data of the VELOX-II satellite is used as an example. From the results, the SOC estimation error is approximately 1% and the SOH estimation is consistent with the manufacturer's datasheet.
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Prior state-of-charge estimation work for satellite batteries does not assess typical transient irradiance and temperature profiles found in orbit.
“However, the authors do not assess it considering typical transient irradiance and temperature profiles found in orbit.”
From Irradiation Flux Modelling for Thermal–Electrical Simulation of CubeSats: Orbit, Attitude and Radiation Integration (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
Lower temperature field, charge/discharge current, and end of charge voltage give better battery cycle life.
“As a rule of thumb, a lower SoC means a worse life cycle, and the lower the temperature field, the charge/discharge current, and the EOCV, the better the cycle life [7,8].”
From An Integrated Thermal-Electrical Model for Simulations of Battery Behavior in CubeSats (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
The work of [7] studied state of charge estimation for the battery of satellites, but the authors did not assess it considering typical transient irradiance and temperature profiles found in orbit.
“On the other hand, the work of [7] studied the state of charge estimation for the battery of satellites, but the authors did not assess it considering typical transient irradiance and temperature profiles found in orbit.”
From An Integrated Thermal-Electrical Model for Simulations of Battery Behavior in CubeSats (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
A battery's life cycle is a function of state of charge, temperature, charge/discharge current, and end of charge voltage.
“A battery's life cycle is a function of diverse factors, mainly: the state of charge (SoC), the temperature, the charge/discharge current, and the end of charge voltage (EOCV).”
From An Integrated Thermal-Electrical Model for Simulations of Battery Behavior in CubeSats (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
A lower state of charge means a worse battery life cycle.
“As a rule of thumb, a lower SoC means a worse life cycle, and the lower the temperature field, the charge/discharge current, and the EOCV, the better the cycle life [7,8].”
From An Integrated Thermal-Electrical Model for Simulations of Battery Behavior in CubeSats (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
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Filho, E. M., Seman, L. O., Rigo, C. A., Nicolau, V. D. P., Ovejero, R. G., & Leithardt, V. R. Q. (2020) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en13246691 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“The work of [12] develop and conduct experimental tests regarding the state-of-charge estimation for the battery of satellites, totally dependent on the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic cells.”
BackgroundAn Integrated Thermal-Electrical Model for Simulations of Battery Behavior in CubeSats
Vega Martinez, S., Filho, E. M., Seman, L. O., Bezerra, E. A., Nicolau, V. D. P., Ovejero, R. G., & Leithardt, V. R. Q. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11041554 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Battery The battery model used in this paper assumes that the voltage of the battery is considered equal to the battery’s electromotive force EMF, which is firmly related to SoC in series for an internal resistance RBS and several resistor-capacitor blocks [7,34,35].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialArdeshiri, R. R., & Ma, C. (2021) · 2021 IEEE 30th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) · doi:10.1109/isie45552.2021.9576245 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Aung, H., Soon, J. J., Goh, S. T., Lew, J. M., & Low, K.-S.
- Affiliations
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2978-2989
- ISSN
- 0018-9251 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-9603
- 2371-9877
- OpenAlex
- W2997478157
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Nanyang Technological University
- Industry collaboration with Addvalue Technologies Pte. Ltd
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Advanced Battery Technologies Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques
- Keywords
- battery management systems, state of charge estimation, state of health monitoring, small satellites, CubeSat, nanosatellites, unscented Kalman filter, satellite power systems
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