Fundamental trade-offs between power and data transfer in inductive links for biomedical implants
Abstract
This paper studies the fundamental trade-offs between power transfer efficiency (PTE) and spectral efficiency that occur during simultaneous power and data transfer through near-field inductive links. A mathematical analysis is used to establish the relationship between PTE and channel capacity as a function of link parameters such as coupling coefficient ( k), load resistance, and surrounding environment. The analysis predicts that the optimum trade-off between power and data transfer is particularly dependent on k, which is a monotonically-decreasing function of axial distance ( d) between the coils. Real-time adaptation of the link parameters (such as load resistance and modulation type) is proposed to automatically optimize the power-data trade-off over a wide range of distances and coupling coefficients. A bench-top prototype of such an adaptive link is demonstrated at a center frequency of 13.56 MHz. The prototype uses an ultrasound transducer to measure d with accuracy mm, and uses this information to autonomously optimize both data rate (up to ∼ 50 Mbps) and PTE (up to ∼ 25%) as the coil-coil distance varies within the 4-15 mm range.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There is a fundamental trade-off between power transfer efficiency and spectral efficiency in inductive links for biomedical implants.
“Additionally, there is a fundamental trade-off between power transfer efficiency and spectral efficiency in inductive links for biomedical implants (Dehghanzadeh et al., 2021).”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Dehghanzadeh et al., 2021
Cites
Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances
Kurs, A., Karalis, A., Moffatt, R. A., Joannopoulos, J. D., Fisher, P. H., & Marin Soljacic, A. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1143254 · Cited by 5,584 · see citing works
Information Theory and Reliable Communication.
Lee, P. M., & Gallager, R. T. (1970) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2344305 · Cited by 5,559 · see citing works
Transporting information and energy simultaneously
Varshney, L. R. (2008) · IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT) · doi:10.1109/isit.2008.4595260 · Cited by 1,826 · see citing works
Finkenzeller, K. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9780470665121 · Cited by 1,428 · see citing works
Information Theory and Reliable Communication
Gallager, R. G. (1972) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-2945-6 · Cited by 1,206 · see citing works
Coherence and time delay estimation
Carter, G. C. (1987) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/proc.1987.13723 · Cited by 1,200 · see citing works
Shannon meets Tesla: Wireless information and power transfer
Grover, P., & Sahai, A. (2010) · IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT) · doi:10.1109/isit.2010.5513714 · Cited by 1,036 · see citing works
Jow, U.-M., & Ghovanloo, M. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2007.913130 · Cited by 628 · see citing works
Design and analysis of an adaptive transcutaneous power telemetry for biomedical implants
Wang, G.-X., Liu, W.-T., Sivaprakasam, M., & Kendir, G. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part 1: Regular Papers · doi:10.1109/tcsi.2005.852923 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Feedback Analysis and Design of RF Power Links for Low-Power Bionic Systems
Baker, M. W., & Sarpeshkar, R. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2007.893180 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Review of Near-Field Wireless Power and Communication for Biomedical Applications
Kim, H., Hirayama, H., Kim, S., Han, K. J., Zhang, R., & Choi, J.-W. (2017) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2017.2757267 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Modeling and optimization of printed spiral coils in air, saline, and muscle tissue environments
Jow, U.-M., & Ghovanloo, M. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2009.2025366 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Implantable biomedical devices: Wireless powering and communication
Yakovlev, A., Kim, S., & Poon, A. S. Y. (2012) · IEEE Communications Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcom.2012.6178849 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Ghovanloo, M., & Atluri, S. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Fundamental Theory and Applications · doi:10.1109/tcsi.2007.905187 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Atluri, S., & Ghovanloo, M. (2006) · IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems proceedings · doi:10.1109/iscas.2006.1692789 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
A Fully-Integrated, Miniaturized (0.125 mm²) 10.5 µW Wireless Neural Sensor
Biederman, W., Yeager, D. J., Narevsky, N., Koralek, A. C., Carmena, J. M., Alon, E., & Rabaey, J. M. (2013) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2013.2238994 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Power-Efficient Impedance-Modulation Wireless Data Links for Biomedical Implants
Mandal, S., & Sarpeshkar, R. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2008.2005295 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, J., & Kim, C. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2012.2231098 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Contactless power and information transmission
Bieler, T. R., Perrottet, M., Nguyễn, V. Đ., & Perriard, Y. (2002) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/tia.2002.803017 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Robust Wireless Power Transmission to mm-Sized Free-Floating Distributed Implants
Mirbozorgi, S. A., Yeon, P., & Ghovanloo, M. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2017.2663358 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Adaptive Transcutaneous Power Transfer to Implantable Devices: A State of the Art Review
Bocan, K. N., & Sejdić, E. (2016) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s16030393 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Carreon-Bautista, S., Eladawy, A., Mohieldin, A. N., & Sánchez‐Sinencio, E. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2014.2300035 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Optimization of Data Coils in a Multiband Wireless Link for Neuroprosthetic Implantable Devices
Jow, U.-M., & Ghovanloo, M. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2010.2049491 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Mutual inductance of noncoaxial circular coils with constant current density
Kim, K., Levi, E., Zabar, Z., & Birenbaum, L. (1997) · IEEE Transactions on Magnetics · doi:10.1109/20.620439 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Application of Near Field Communication for Health Monitoring in Daily Life
Strömmer, E., Kaartinen, J., Pärkkä, J., Ylisaukko-oja, A., & Korhonen, I. (2006) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2006.260021 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Ambulatory urodynamic monitoring: state of the art and future directions
Abelson, B. N., Majerus, S. J. A., Sun, D. Z., Gill, B. C., Versi, E., & Damaser, M. S. (2019) · Nature Reviews Urology · doi:10.1038/s41585-019-0175-5 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Trigui, A., Hached, S., Ammari, A. C., Savaria, Y., & Sawan, M. (2018) · IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/rbme.2018.2873817 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Wireless, Ultra-Low-Power Implantable Sensor for Chronic Bladder Pressure Monitoring
Majerus, S. J. A., Garverick, S. L., Suster, M. A., Fletter, P. C., & Damaser, M. S. (2012) · ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2180878.2180883 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Gevorgian, S., Berg, H., Jacobsson, H., & Lewin, T. (2003) · IEEE Microwave Magazine · doi:10.1109/mmw.2003.1201599 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Atluri, S., & Ghovanloo, M. (2005) · Conference Proceedings. 2nd International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, 2005. · doi:10.1109/cne.2005.1419677 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
A Multicycle Q-Modulation for Dynamic Optimization of Inductive Links
Lee, B., Yeon, P., & Ghovanloo, M. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2016.2550009 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Kennedy, H., Bodnar, R., Lee, T., & Redman-White, W. (2018) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2018.2810206 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
A Self-Tuning Inductive Powering System for Biomedical Implants
Carta, R., Thoné, J., Gosset, G., Cogels, G., Flandre, D., & Puers, R. (2011) · Procedia Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2011.12.392 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Glickstein, J. S., & Mandal, S. (2018) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.5041002 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationGasulla, M., Albesa, J., Baker, M., & Sarpeshkar, R. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2013.2287033 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants
Miziev, S., Pawlak, W. A., & Howard, N. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1320441 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Microwave wireless power transfer system using a dual-dielectric resonator oscillator
Moeini, S., Shahabadi, M., & Dana, A. (2023) · AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications · doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2023.154836 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Neuromorphic algorithms for brain implants: a review
Pawlak, W. A., & Howard, N. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1570104 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
System-Level Modeling of a Safe Autonomous Closed-loop Epileptic Seizure Control Implant
Razi, K. F., Karimi, M. J., Dehollain, C., & Schmid, A. (2021) · International Conference on Bio-engineering for Smart Technologies (BioSMART) · doi:10.1109/biosmart54244.2021.9677729 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Marcellis, A. D., Stanchieri, G. D. P., Faccio, M., Palange, E., & Constandinou, T. G. (2024) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics13091774 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hossain, A. N. M. S., Mohseni, P., & Lavasani, H. M. (2024) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782891 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Analysis and Characterization of Capacitive Links for Biomedical Data Telemetry
Hossain, A. N. M. S., Mohseni, P., & Lavasani, H. M. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2025.3566667 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dehghanzadeh, P., Zamani, H., & Mandal, S.
- Affiliations
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
- Published
- 2021-04
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 235-247
- ISSN
- 1932-4545 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-9990
- OpenAlex
- W3135102271
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Media Technology › RFID technology advancements
- Keywords
- power transfer efficiency, spectral efficiency, biomedical implants, coupling coefficient, channel capacity, 13.56 MHz, load resistance
- MeSH terms
- Equipment Design, Electric Power Supplies, Prostheses and Implants, Wireless Technology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
