A Figure-of-Merit for Designing High-Performance Inductive Power Transmission Links
Open accessAbstract
Power transfer efficiency (PTE) and power delivered to the load (PDL) are two key inductive link design parameters that relate to the power source and driver specs, power loss, transmission range, robustness against misalignment, variations in loading, and interference with other devices. Designers need to strike a delicate balance between these two because designing the link to achieve high PTE will degrade the PDL and vice versa. We are proposing a new figure-of-merit (FoM), which can help designers to find out whether a two-, three-, or four-coil link is appropriate for their particular application and guide them through an iterative design procedure to reach optimal coil geometries based on how they weigh the PTE versus PDL for that application. Three design examples at three different power levels have been presented based on the proposed FoM for implantable microelectronic devices, handheld mobile devices, and electric vehicles. The new FoM suggests that the two-coil links are suitable when the coils are strongly coupled, and a large PDL is needed. Three-coil links are the best when the coils are loosely coupled, the coupling distance varies considerably, and large PDL is necessary. Finally, four-coil links are optimal when the PTE is paramount, the coils are loosely coupled, and their relative distance and alignment are stable. Measurement results support the accuracy of the theoretical design procedure and conclusions.
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Power efficiency of an inductive link depends on the quality factor of the transmitting and receiving antennas and the coupling coefficient.
“Power efficiency of an inductive link depends on two primary factors: (1) the quality factor of the transmitting and receiving antennas, and (2) the coupling coefficient.”
From Inductively powered wireless pacing via a miniature pacemaker and remote stimulation control system (2017) · cites this paper as [25]
The quality factor and coupling coefficient together determine power transfer efficiency.
“Together, the quality factor and coupling coefficient determine power transfer efficiency as shown in Eq. (3)25:”
From Inductively powered wireless pacing via a miniature pacemaker and remote stimulation control system (2017) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Kiani, M., & Ghovanloo, M.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 5292-5305
- ISSN
- 0278-0046 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-9948
- PMC
- PMC4223690
- OpenAlex
- W1990884581
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 4.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS062031)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R21EB009437)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Induction Heating and Inverter Technology
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced DC-DC Converters
- Keywords
- inductive power transfer, figure of merit, power transfer efficiency, coil geometry optimization, coupling distance, misalignment robustness, implantable microelectronics, electric vehicle charging, handheld devices
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