Cognitive Workload and Learning Assessment During the Implementation of a Next-Generation Air Traffic Control Technology Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Abstract
Neuroimaging technologies, such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIR), could provide performance metrics directly from brain-based measures to assess safety and performance of operators in high-risk fields. In this paper, we objectively and subjectively examine the cognitive workload of air traffic control specialists utilizing a next-generation conflict resolution advisory. Credible differences were observed between continuously increasing workload levels that were induced by increasing the number of aircraft under control. In higher aircraft counts, a possible saturation in brain activity was realized in the fNIR data. A learning effect was also analyzed across a three-day/nine-session training period. The difference between Day 1 and Day 2 was credible, while there was a noncredible difference between Day 2 and Day 3. The results presented in this paper indicate some advantages in objective measures of cognitive workload assessment with fNIR cortical imaging over the subjective workload assessment keypad.
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Harrison et al. found that oxygenation levels measured by fNIRS increased along with self-reports of increased cognitive workload as the number of aircraft under operator control increased.
“In an air traffic control simulation, they found oxygenation levels measured by fNIRS increased along with self-reports of increased cognitive workload as the number of aircrafts under operator control increased [19].”
From Learn Piano with BACh: An Adaptive Learning Interface that Adjusts Task Difficulty Based on Brain State (2016) · cites this paper as [19]
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Real-time Cognitive Load Measurement Using Wearable Photoplethysmogram Sensor
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- Authors
- Harrison, J., Izzetoglu, K., Ayaz, H., Willems, B., Hah, S., Ahlstrom, U., Woo, H., Shewokis, P. A., Bunce, S. C., & Onaral, B.
- Affiliations
- Drexel University (US)
- Federal Aviation Administration (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems
- Published
- 2014-08
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 429-440
- ISSN
- 2168-2291 (ISSN-L)
- 2168-2305
- OpenAlex
- W2030517061
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8
- FWCI
- 11.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- mental workload, air traffic control, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, learning assessment, brain activity, perceived workload, neuroimaging
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