The DOI matches its Crossref record; 151 of the 151 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Graph-Based Semi-Supervised Learning: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract
Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has tremendous value in practice due to the utilization of both labeled and unlabelled data. An essential class of SSL methods, referred to as graph-based semi-supervised learning (GSSL) methods in the literature, is to first represent each sample as a node in an affinity graph, and then, the label information of unlabeled samples can be inferred based on the structure of the constructed graph. GSSL methods have demonstrated their advantages in various domains due to their uniqueness of structure, the universality of applications, and their scalability to large-scale data. Focusing on GSSL methods only, this work aims to provide both researchers and practitioners with a solid and systematic understanding of relevant advances as well as the underlying connections among them. The concentration on one class of SSL makes this article distinct from recent surveys that cover a more general and broader picture of SSL methods yet often neglect the fundamental understanding of GSSL methods. In particular, a significant contribution of this article lies in a newly generalized taxonomy for GSSL under the unified framework, with the most up-to-date references and valuable resources such as codes, datasets, and applications. Furthermore, we present several potential research directions as future work with our insights into this rapidly growing field.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hochreiter, S., & Schmidhuber, J. (1997) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735 · Cited by 102,318
Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality
Mikolov, T., Sutskever, I., Chen, K., Corrado, G., & Dean, J. (2013) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1310.4546 · Cited by 24,533
Labaca-Castro, R. (2023) · Machine Learning under Malware Attack · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-40442-0_9 · Cited by 19,272
GAN(Generative Adversarial Nets)
(2017) · Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics · doi:10.3156/jsoft.29.5_177_2 · Cited by 19,270
Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate
Bahdanau, D., Cho, K., & Bengio, Y. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1409.0473 · Cited by 16,213
Community structure in social and biological networks
Girvan, M., & Newman, M. E. J. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.122653799 · Cited by 15,502
Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction by Locally Linear Embedding
Roweis, S. T., & Saul, L. K. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.290.5500.2323 · Cited by 14,965
Veličković, P., Cucurull, G., Casanova, A., Romero, A., Liò, P., & Bengio, Y. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1710.10903 · Cited by 12,107
Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modeling
Chung, J., Gulcehre, C., Cho, K., & Bengio, Y. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1412.3555 · Cited by 11,008
A Comprehensive Survey on Graph Neural Networks
Wu, Z., Pan, S., Chen, F., Long, G., Zhang, C., & Yu, P. S. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2020.2978386 · Cited by 11,000
Cited by
Alzubaidi, L., Bai, J., Al-Sabaawi, A., Santamaría, J., Albahri, A. S., Al-dabbagh, B. S. N., Fadhel, M. A., Manoufali, M., Zhang, J., Al-Timemy, A. H., et al. (2023) · Journal of Big Data · doi:10.1186/s40537-023-00727-2 · Cited by 907
Emotion recognition in EEG signals using deep learning methods: A review
Jafari, M., Shoeibi, A., Khodatars, M., Bagherzadeh, S., Shalbaf, A., García, D. L., Gorriz, J. M., & Acharya, U. R. (2023) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107450 · Cited by 240
Uncertainty-Aware Distillation for Semi-Supervised Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning
Cui, Y., Deng, W., Chen, H., & Liu, L. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2023.3277018 · Cited by 39
Younis, H. A., Ruhaiyem, N. I. R., Badr, A. A., Abdul-Hassan, A. K., Alfadli, I. M., Binjumah, W. M., Altuwaijri, E. A., & Nasser, M. (2023) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr11051488 · Cited by 21
Metadata
- Authors
- Song, Z., Yang, X., Xu, Z., & King, I.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
- Published
- 2023-11
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 8174-8194
- ISSN
- 2162-237X (ISSN-L)
- 2162-2388
- OpenAlex
- W3133744637
- Cited by
- 334
- References
- 151
- FWCI
- 22.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Graph-Based Semi-Supervised Learning: A Comprehensive Review. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/tnnls.2022.3155478
- The paper
- Song, Z., Yang, X., Xu, Z., & King, I. (2023). Graph-Based Semi-Supervised Learning: A Comprehensive Review. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2022.3155478
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.