Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,834

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Iterative Quantization: A Procrustean Approach to Learning Binary Codes for Large-Scale Image Retrieval

Gong, Yunchao, Lazebnik, Svetlana, Gordo, Albert, Perronnin, Florent·2013·IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

Abstract

This paper addresses the problem of learning similarity-preserving binary codes for efficient similarity search in large-scale image collections. We formulate this problem in terms of finding a rotation of zero-centered data so as to minimize the quantization error of mapping this data to the vertices of a zero-centered binary hypercube, and propose a simple and efficient alternating minimization algorithm to accomplish this task. This algorithm, dubbed iterative quantization (ITQ), has connections to multiclass spectral clustering and to the orthogonal Procrustes problem, and it can be used both with unsupervised data embeddings such as PCA and supervised embeddings such as canonical correlation analysis (CCA). The resulting binary codes significantly outperform several other state-of-the-art methods. We also show that further performance improvements can result from transforming the data with a nonlinear kernel mapping prior to PCA or CCA. Finally, we demonstrate an application of ITQ to learning binary attributes or "classemes" on the ImageNet data set.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1109/tpami.2012.193

Cites

5 of 5 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 5 references

Research works printed but not linked: 44

  1. 10.1145/1327452.1327494 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Bergamo, Picodes: Learning a Compact Code for Novel-Category Recognition
  3. 10.1109/CVPR.2008.4587353 · DOI
  4. 10.1109/ICPR.2008.4761463 · doi:10.1109/icpr.2008.4761463
  5. 10.1109/CVPR.2010.5539928 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Chapelle, Cluster Kernels for Semi-Supervised Learning
  7. 10.1109/TPAMI.2009.166 · DOI
  8. Fan, 2008, Liblinear: A Library for Large Linear Classification, J. Machine Learning Research, 9, 1871
  9. Fergus, Semi-Supervised Learning in Gigantic Image Collections
  10. 10.1007/978-3-642-15561-1_27 · DOI · Paper page
  11. 10.1109/CVPR.2011.5995432 · DOI · Paper page
  12. 10.1109/CVPR.2011.5995505 · DOI
  13. 10.1109/CVPR.2011.5995518 · DOI
  14. 10.1093/biomet/28.3-4.321 · DOI · Paper page
  15. 10.1109/CVPR.2010.5540039 · DOI · Paper page
  16. 10.1109/CVPR.2011.5995709 · DOI
  17. 10.1109/ICCV.2009.5459466 · DOI · Paper page
  18. 10.1109/CVPR.2010.5540129 · DOI
  19. Liu, Hashing with Graphs
  20. 10.1109/CVPR.2012.6247912 · DOI · Paper page
  21. 10.1109/CVPR.2008.4587630 · DOI · Paper page
  22. 10.1109/CVPR.2006.264 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Norouzi, Minimal Loss Hashing for Compact Binary Codes
  24. 10.1023/A:1011139631724 · DOI · Paper page
  25. 10.1016/j.patrec.2010.04.004 · DOI · Paper page
  26. 10.1109/CVPR.2007.383266 · DOI · Paper page
  27. 10.1109/CVPR.2010.5540009 · DOI · Paper page
  28. 10.1109/CVPR.2010.5539914 · DOI
  29. 10.1007/978-3-642-15561-1_11 · DOI · Paper page
  30. Raginsky, Locality Sensitive Binary Codes from Sift-Invariant Kernels
  31. Rahimi, Random Features for Large-Scale Kernel Machines
  32. 10.1109/TMM.2007.900138 · DOI · Paper page
  33. 10.1016/j.ijar.2008.11.006 · DOI · Paper page
  34. 10.1007/BFb0020217 · DOI · Paper page
  35. 10.1007/BF02289451 · DOI · Paper page
  36. 10.1109/tpami.2011.103 · DOI · Paper page
  37. 10.1109/TPAMI.2008.128 · DOI · Paper page
  38. 10.1007/978-3-642-15549-9_56 · DOI · Paper page
  39. 10.1109/CVPR.2010.5539949 · DOI · Paper page
  40. 10.1109/ICCV.2009.5459167 · DOI
  41. 10.1109/CVPR.2010.5539994 · DOI · Paper page
  42. Wang, Sequential Projection Learning for Hashing with Compact Codes
  43. Weiss, Spectral Hashing
  44. 10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238361 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

See all 1,834

Metadata

Authors
Gong, Y., Lazebnik, S., Gordo, A., & Perronnin, F.
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Published
2013-12
Volume
35
Issue
12
Pages
2916-2929
ISSN
  • 0162-8828 (ISSN-L)
  • 2160-9292
OpenAlex
W1974647172
Cited by
1,834
References
5
FWCI
50.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Iterative Quantization: A Procrustean Approach to Learning Binary Codes for Large-Scale Image Retrieval. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/tpami.2012.193
The paper
Gong, Y., Lazebnik, S., Gordo, A., & Perronnin, F. (2013). Iterative Quantization: A Procrustean Approach to Learning Binary Codes for Large-Scale Image Retrieval. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2012.193

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.