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Trends in Microgrid Control
Open accessAbstract
The increasing interest in integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into microgrids presents major challenges from the viewpoints of reliable operation and control. In this paper, the major issues and challenges in microgrid control are discussed, and a review of state-of-the-art control strategies and trends is presented; a general overview of the main control principles (e.g., droop control, model predictive control, multi-agent systems) is also included. The paper classifies microgrid control strategies into three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary, where primary and secondary levels are associated with the operation of the microgrid itself, and tertiary level pertains to the coordinated operation of the microgrid and the host grid. Each control level is discussed in detail in view of the relevant existing technical literature.
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“With effective control, batteries can alleviate voltage variations by storing excess energy when generation exceeds load and utilizing stored energy to reduce peak load [50].”
From Voltage Regulation in Rooftop PV-Rich Distribution Networks: A Review and Detailed Case Study (2026) · cites this paper as [50]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Olivares, D. E., Mehrizi-Sani, A., Etemadi, A. H., Canizares, C. A., Iravani, R., Kazerani, M., Hajimiragha, A. H., Gomis-Bellmunt, O., Saeedifard, M., Palma-Behnke, R., Jimenez-Estevez, G. A., & Hatziargyriou, N. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- General Electric (Canada) (CA)
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Center for Mathematical Modeling (CL)
- National Technical University of Athens (GR)
- ORCID
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1905-1919
- ISSN
- 1949-3053 (ISSN-L)
- 1949-3061
- OpenAlex
- W2001965107
- Cited by
- 3,137
- References
- 111
- Citations by year
- 2026: 177 · 2025: 215 · 2024: 216 · 2023: 270 · 2022: 283 · 2021: 350 · 2020: 358 · 2019: 363 · 2018: 307 · 2017: 293 · 2016: 196 · 2015: 97 · 2014: 10
- FWCI
- 221.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- americanae.aecid.es
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid (publishedVersion)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Universidad de Chile (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Microgrid Control and Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Frequency Control in Power Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
- Keywords
- microgrid control, droop control, model predictive control, multi-agent systems, primary control, secondary control, tertiary control, renewable energy integration, distributed generation
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